{"items":[{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3Obl5M1VFIrU0C1uju2IS1","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-04-09T07:21:21.940Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-09T07:21:21.940Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Wildfire season has begun: check warnings currently in effect before lighting an open fire ","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute issued the spring's first wildfire warning on Sunday 29 March to Päijät-Häme. A wildfire warning warns of dry and flammable terrain, and when it is in effect, open fires are prohibited. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7HCmV8y5WPFRgZPyMFFk7J","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-19T07:29:04.204Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-19T07:29:04.204Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Maastopalo ruohikkopalo Tuomo Bergman EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6m4ckTzipyURA3Hlyh58gK","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-04-18T13:23:22.755Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-18T13:23:22.755Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"maastopalo 1200px Tuomo Bergman","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6m4ckTzipyURA3Hlyh58gK/ae4fea39ff0ec9a9e8412a282b8f32bb/maastopalo_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":679617,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"maastopalo_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Tuomo Bergman."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This year, the wildfire warning season began earlier than usual: typically, the Finnish Meteorological Institute issues the first wildfire warnings around mid-April. Last year, the first warning was issued to the Åland Islands already on 20 March. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In spring, the warnings are based on assessments of dry grass moisture. On sunny and windy days, dry grass dries very quickly, but even light rainfall will reduce its flammability. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“There is always uncertainty in forecasts, and it is important to check the current warnings before lighting an open fire,” emphasises Meteorologist ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Tuomo Bergman","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Open fires are forbidden when the warning is in force ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When a wildfire warning is in force, it is forbidden to light an open fire. An open fire refers to a campfire or other similar use of fire, in which the fire may get out of control, either along the ground or as flying sparks. In addition to campfires, disposable grills, for example, are also considered open fires. The prohibition applies to all three levels of wildfire warnings, yellow, orange and red. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildfire warnings are day-specific and can be issued five days in advance. The probability of large and rapidly progressing wildfires increases with orange and red level warnings. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute issues wildfire warnings by region, in the north, by municipality. However, the conditions vary greatly locally, and the person lighting the fire is always responsible for the safe use and extinguishing of the fire. The majority of wildfires are caused by human activity. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Over the past decades, large wildfires have been rare in Finland compared to neighbouring countries. This is due to many factors, starting with forest management, but in favourable conditions, very large fires are also possible in Finland,” says Bergman. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The wildfire warnings in effect can be easily checked on the website of the Finnish Meteorological Institute and on the Warnings tab of the weather application. 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The award is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and post-doctoral researchers who have graduated no more than five years before the end of the previous year. The prize is 1,000 euros.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The award jury included ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Jari Liski","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" (FMI), Professor, Chancellor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kaarle Hämeri","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" (University of Helsinki), Professor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Leena Järvi","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" (University of Helsinki) and Professor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Miina Rautiainen ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"(Aalto University).","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Daan van den Broek gets to see some of the most beautiful places on Earth through his work","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Daan’s work focuses on changes in weather systems in the polar regions in a warming climate, particularly on extreme weather events and their increasing persistence. His research","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115015"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Svalbard's record-breaking arctic summer 2024: Anomalies beyond climatological warming trends","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" focuses on an extreme temperature event caused by such persistent weather. His interest in weather and the polar regions began in childhood and later led him to study atmospheric sciences in Wageningen and Helsinki, as well as to take courses in Arctic meteorology, climatology, and oceanography in Svalbard.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"Already when I was 4 years old, I said I wanted to become a ‘weatherman’. I was especially fascinated by winter weather and the polar regions… When I realized that analyzing weather and climate data could be a profession, I started deliberately working towards that goal. ... Almost every single day I'm excited to start working. Doing fieldwork and taking measurements in extreme and remote locations – and, in my opinion, some of the most beautiful places on Earth – is another privilege of my work\", Daan tells.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"One of the best aspects of research work is the opportunity to work daily on topics that are personally meaningful. International collaboration and fieldwork in remote and exotic locations add a special dimension to the job.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"At the moment, Daan is involved in a research project analyzing data collected on the Nansen Ice Shelf in Antarctica. The aim is to understand the reasons behind exceptionally intense summer melting and the role atmospheric conditions played in the process.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kerttu Kouki studies the impacts of climate change using satellite data ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Satellite observations are combined with other measurements, climate models, and reanalyses. In her doctoral thesis, Kerttu examined changes in snow cover across the Northern Hemisphere and assessed how well climate models and reanalyses represent these changes. In the award-winning study ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4791-2025"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Characterizing precipitation and soil moisture drydowns in Finland using SMAP satellite data","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":", it was shown that precipitation amounts can be estimated from satellite-based soil moisture observations. In the Arctic, where observation networks are sparse, satellites are often the only way to monitor phenomena over large areas.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A long-standing interest in weather led Kerttu to study meteorology and pursue a career in research. As a researcher, she is particularly motivated by the desire to better understand climate change and its impacts.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"What I value most in research work is the opportunity to constantly learn something new. I also appreciate the independence, freedom, and meaningfulness of the work. Internationality is an important part of being a researcher for me, and it was a great opportunity to spend six months abroad as a visiting researcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California after my PhD, where I also conducted part of this award-winning research\", Kerttu says. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Currently, her research focuses on the rain-on-snow phenomenon, in which rainfall falls onto an existing snowpack. This can accelerate snowmelt, increase avalanche risk, and make it harder for animals to access food if the water refreezes into a hard ice layer on the snow surface. The research aims to develop reliable methods to detect this phenomenon using satellite data.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kasper Juurikkala’s research investigates the effects of high-level clouds on the atmospheric radiation balance","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kasper’s doctoral research ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13995-2025"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Prior heterogeneous ice nucleation events shape homogeneous freezing during the evolution of synoptic cirrus.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" focuses on the formation processes of upper-level cirrus clouds and their impact on the Earth’s radiation balance. The study uses the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) modelling approach, in which clouds are represented at the microphysical level within a high-resolution modelling framework.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"An interest in weather emerged already in childhood, although the path to becoming a researcher took shape later:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"I was interested in weather-related phenomena already as a child and used to record daily weather observations on paper. The idea of becoming a researcher only really began to take shape during my university studies in meteorology.\"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to Kasper, the most interesting aspects of research work are discovering new phenomena and collaborating with other scientists. In practice, the work requires no more than a laptop with remote access to a supercomputer, and a few cups of coffee.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5r8viQYK2gJunRnHlm6ayr","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-04-08T07:24:50.368Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-08T07:24:50.368Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Early Career -palkitut EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3pCw6cSkz9zh2XTugTMVhp","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-04-08T07:23:47.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-08T11:28:58.478Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"FMI Early Career Scientist -palkinto kolmelle tutkijalle","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3pCw6cSkz9zh2XTugTMVhp/f4d1a5bbba94e72ccc1d13acaef66754/Early-Career---palkitut.jpg","details":{"size":95439,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Early-Career---palkitut.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Daan van den Broek, Kerttu Kouki and Kasper Juurikkala.","language":"EN"}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmatieteen laitos"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7A4pmNMEIDBy27l6pBPYaE","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-04-07T12:32:46.547Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-07T12:32:46.547Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"March was the warmest on record in Finland ","leadParagraph":"Almost every observation station recorded a new record average temperature for March. In Sodankylä, March was the warmest in over 100 years.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1HP3bquvcWPamTfgcJxZH1","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-06-05T09:50:49.537Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-05T09:50:49.537Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pyöräilijä Shutterstock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5jhAjsU7vKkN2wIGmAdQWF","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-15T06:50:09.663Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-15T06:50:09.663Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Pyöräilijä Pispalassa keväällä 1200px kuva: Harry Hykko, Shutterstock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5jhAjsU7vKkN2wIGmAdQWF/4afbed08c6d897701c1287012659ccea/Py_r_ilij__Pispalassa_kev__ll__1200px.jpg","details":{"size":173007,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Pyöräilijä Pispalassa keväällä 1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Shutterstock."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in March varied from approximately +3 degrees Celsius in the southwest part of the country to about –2.5 degrees Celsius in Northern Lapland. The average temperature in March was record-high across almost the entire country: nearly every observation station of the Finnish Meteorological Institute recorded a new record of the average temperature in March. At most marine observation stations, the month did not break records but was still unusually warm. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For example, the monthly average temperature at the Sodankylä Tähtelä observation station was –0.7 degrees, which is a new record in the 100-year observation history and exceeded the previous record from 1920 with as much as 1.5 degrees. In the current climate, such warm March occurs in Sodankylä approximately once every 60 years, but without the warming effect of climate change, its probability would only have been about once every 400 years. In other words, climate change made the average temperature of the month approximately six times more likely and increased the temperature by approximately 1.9 degrees. The information is based on a peer-reviewed method by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the University of Helsinki.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature for the whole country in March was 1.1 degrees, which is also a new record. The previous record was from 2007, when the average temperature for the whole country was 0.0 degrees.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in March was 12.6 degrees, measured at Asemantaus, Heinola, on 22 March. According to preliminary estimates, the previously reported +13.2 degrees measured on the lighthouse roof at Kalbådagrund, in Porvoo, on 14 March, is not considered statistically valid. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The lowest temperature was –25.2 degrees, measured at Nuorgam, in Utsjoki, on 2 March.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the East and North, many areas snow-free or with record-low snow levels","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"March was drier than usual, in the southern and central parts of the country, and rainier than usual in the north. The greatest amount of precipitation for March was 62,7 millimetres, recorded at the Kauppilankylä observation station in Teuva. The lowest amount of precipitation, 6.1 mm, was recorded at the Hanko Russarö observation station. The greatest precipitation in a single day, 14.8 mm, was recorded at the Kangasniemi village observation station, on 1 March.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The warm March caused the snow to melt rapidly throughout Finland, and at the end of March, the amount of snow was record low in many areas of Eastern and Northern Finland. On the last day of March, the snow cover had largely melted throughout the country, with the exception of Koillismaa and Lapland. In North Karelia, North Ostrobothnia and Kainuu, snow depth was 2–5 centimetres, in places, with the exception of Puolanka Paljakka, where the snow depth was 27 centimetres. In Lapland and Koillismaa, snow depth was approximately 20–80 centimetres, with the exception of the northernmost area of Kilpisjärvi, where snow depth was approximately 90 centimetres at the end of the month. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The number of sunshine hours was widely close to normal levels.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate Statistics","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Tilasto","Ilmasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6cnXENnc2SyJbjLW6MQTAV","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-03-16T13:07:22.435Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-16T13:07:22.435Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"New study shows high climate sensitivity may reduce the effectiveness of large-scale reforestation","leadParagraph":"A new climate modelling study shows that large-scale reforestation may be a less efficient mitigation strategy if climate is more sensitive to carbon dioxide emissions than current best estimates suggest. The results highlight that uncertainties related to carbon dioxide removal and climate sensitivity should be considered jointly.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"51KUjtAsbatJfNOChrFe5I","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-03-16T12:44:45.856Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-16T12:44:45.856Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Ilmakuvassa merta ja metsää AdobeStock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7yW8gF1SId3ZcgR4eej7IA","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-03-16T12:44:30.445Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-16T12:44:30.445Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Ilmakuvassa merta ja metsää AdobeStock","description":"Ilmakuva, meri, metsä, AdobeStock 196624389","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7yW8gF1SId3ZcgR4eej7IA/883d4482dd6d755e5ba11ed2b9578c01/AdobeStock_196624389_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":111002,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_196624389_1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researchers studied two carbon dioxide removal methods: large-scale reforestation and ocean alkalinity enhancement. The methods were analyzed under a scenario in which global warming is limited to below 2 °C.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study shows that the effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO₂) removal can depend on how sensitive the climate is to cumulative CO₂  emissions, but the effect varies between methods. Climate sensitivity to cumulative CO₂  emissions refers to how much the temperature increases per total amount of CO₂ emissions emitted into the atmosphere.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Reforestation and ocean alkalinity enhancement were analyzed","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Reforestation was designed as an idealized scenario in which the global population adopts a vegan diet in 2050. As a result, natural vegetation can expand to areas previously used as pasture and cropland for livestock production.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The mitigation potential of reforestation decreases as climate sensitivity to cumulative CO₂ emissions increases. Reforestation achieves the greatest CO₂ removal if the climate is less sensitive to CO₂ emissions than current estimates suggest. Conversely, its effectiveness declines as climate sensitivity increases. Specifically, by 2100 reforestation would be about 11% less effective under very high climate sensitivity, and by 2300 this reduction would increase to 33%. Despite uncertainty and this coupling with climate sensitivity, reforestation through global vegan diet was a strong mitigation option, sequestering almost 250 Gt of CO₂ between 2050 and 2100 (equivalent to about six years of present-day CO₂ emissions).","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Ocean alkalinity enhancement was implemented by simulating the addition of calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) to the surface of the ice-free ocean from 2050 onwards. In this scenario, the lime reacts with CO₂ and removes it from the ocean surface, which in turn increases the absorption of CO₂ from the atmosphere to the ocean.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Carbon removal through ocean alkalinity enhancement does not depend on climate sensitivity to cumulative CO₂  emissions. According to the simulations, this method removes a constant amount of CO₂ regardless of how much the planet warms in the future.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Results support climate policy planning","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"These findings are important for both the scientific community and policymakers. The coupled uncertainties in carbon dioxide removal and climate sensitivity should be considered when designing robust climate change mitigation strategies.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study highlights that reforestation could become less efficient in a future where climate sensitivity is high – precisely when effective mitigation would be needed the most.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research on carbon dioxide removal is critical for developing effective climate mitigation strategies. Such methods are needed alongside strong emission reductions to meet the Paris Agreement target of limiting global temperature increase to well below 2 °C.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The research was conducted in 2023–2025 at the Finnish Meteorological Institute in collaboration with GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Doctoral researcher Carla Maria Di Natale, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:carla.di.natale@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"carla.di.natale@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The scientific article is openly available in ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae20a5"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Environmental Research Letters","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":". ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Reference: Carla M. Di Natale et al 2026 Environ. Res. Lett. 21 024033. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae20a5"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae20a5","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"sXkJvMWbJVAhwoLspJhhV","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-03-06T12:58:28.090Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-12T06:30:16.581Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":37,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Study explains discrepancy in aerosol deposition measurements","leadParagraph":"Field measurements of aerosol deposition  have often been reporting up to 100 times higher values of the deposition velocity than those obtained in wind-tunnel experiments. A new study by researchers at the Finnish Meteorological Institute shows that this discrepancy largely arises from differences in definitions and from chemical phase changes near the surface.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5LYO44bA0XM7jCK2HPMt3u","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-03-09T08:48:25.055Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-09T08:48:25.055Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":" Rostislav Kouznetsov in Hanoi 1200x675","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6czT9Y7yMj5h4i2hKMR63O","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-03-09T08:45:46.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-09T08:45:46.224Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kouznetsov Hanoi 1200x675px","description":"Aerosol, SILAM","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6czT9Y7yMj5h4i2hKMR63O/8de1be3478152dec7a44f253269a89e6/photo_2026-03-09_08-59-02_1200x675px.jpg","details":{"size":115120,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"photo_2026-03-09_08-59-02_1200x675px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Senior Researcher Rostislav Kouznetsov during moderate aerosol pollution in Hanoi, Vietnam, at the SILAM course, May 2024.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In atmospheric models, “deposition velocity” is usually defined as a ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"proportionality coefficient ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"linking deposition flux to atmospheric concentration. In many field studies, however, deposition velocity is calculated simply as the ratio of the measured vertical flux to concentration – a quantity the researchers call an apparent deposition velocity. The two definitions are equivalent only if several assumptions hold, including that no sources, sinks or phase changes occur between the measurement height and the surface, and the assumption of sufficiently small observation uncertainty.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In an article published ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1833-2026"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"in Geoscientific Model Development","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", the researchers show that for ambient aerosols containing semi-volatile compounds, vertical particle fluxes can be controlled by gas–particle partitioning near the ground rather than by particle deposition itself. Ammonium nitrate, often a major component of PM2.5, is one of such compounds. When even a small amount of ammonium nitrate decomposes close to the surface into rapidly depositing gases, the gases drive the downward particle flux above the surface, breaking the assumed proportionality between particle flux and concentration.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Using the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://silam.fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"FMI-developed chemistry–transport model SILAM","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", the study demonstrates that the simulations can reproduce the strong particle fluxes observed in field measurements, even though the actual particle deposition velocities in the model are much smaller and consistent with wind-tunnel experiments.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Clarifying the difference between deposition velocity as a model parameter and apparent deposition velocity from field observations helps to explain long-standing discrepancies between experiments. The results can reduce uncertainties in simulations of aerosol concentrations and depositions in air pollution applications ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"–","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" and in assessments of radiation dose rates and fallout following accidental releases of radioactive substances.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Researcher Rostislav Kouznetsov, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 29 539 4630.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"The e-mail address is in the format forename.surname@fmi.fi. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific article is openly available ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1833-2026"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"in Geoscientific Model Development","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Reference:","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" \nKouznetsov, R., Sofiev, M., Uppstu, A., and Hänninen, R.: Deposition velocity concept does not apply to fluxes of ambient aerosol, Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 1833–1847, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1833-2026"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1833-2026","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 2026.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3Z58ZY30Tq4WObyLP4WxVe","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-03-06T12:51:53.723Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-06T12:55:40.413Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":3,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Fig3","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"36zPeA4QAPRhvosQFuc1wr","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-03-06T12:51:38.027Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-09T09:10:02.308Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":5,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Fig3","description":"The process of particulate ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) deposition onto the surface. The thickness of the arrows qualitatively represents the magnitude of the flux. NH4NO3 flux to the surface appears only if the concentrations of HNO3 and NH3 gases at the surface are high enough to allow for particulate NH4NO3 existence.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/36zPeA4QAPRhvosQFuc1wr/fc09bb6017adeb2573e4a7dde3d418a4/Fig3_lowres.jpg","details":{"size":15003,"image":{"width":350,"height":248}},"fileName":"Fig3_lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"The process of particulate ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) deposition onto the surface. The thickness of the arrows qualitatively represents the magnitude of the flux. NH₄NO₃ flux to the surface appears only if the concentrations of HNO₃ and NH₃ gases at the surface are high enough to allow for particulate NH₄NO₃ existence.","language":"EN"}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmasto","Ilmanlaatu"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4F6yyGAh5v0SvznNJO5oti","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-03-06T08:45:38.538Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-06T08:45:38.538Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"February was colder than usual","leadParagraph":"The whole winter was colder than usual too, and some parts of Lapland were unusually cold. The amount of rain was unusually low in some places.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7HofoFXhY9rDhcWfJ2bkaY","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-03-02T07:41:29.491Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-06T08:26:47.141Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Talvi Eija Vallinheimo","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7mIyzQ7RkL4rn4PyqADC7U","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2022-02-01T10:32:27.869Z","updatedAt":"2022-02-01T10:32:27.869Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Talvi Eija Vallinheimo","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7mIyzQ7RkL4rn4PyqADC7U/a1a2d469b7ca9ed7fbac572504f8fda5/verkkoon_talvi3_evallinheimo.jpg","details":{"size":411777,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"verkkoon_talvi3_evallinheimo.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Eija Vallinheimo."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, February was colder than usual in the entire country. The average temperature of the month varied between approximately -5 degrees Celsius in the south-western archipelago and -18 degrees in Northern Lapland. Compared to the average for 1991–2020, the average temperature in February was 3–6 degrees lower throughout the country. This means that February was unusually cold around the country. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in February was 6.3 degrees Celsius, which was measured in Western Harbour, Mariehamn, on 28 February. The lowest temperature of the month. -35.8 degrees, was measured on the first of the month in Naruska, Salla. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"High pressure kept rainfall low in February","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The February precipitation levels were lower than usual in many places, as high-pressure weather prevailed in the Nordic region for a long time. In many parts of Lapland, precipitation levels were unusually low. The month’s precipitation varied from 5.9 millimetres at Nellim, Inari, to 46.9 millimetres at the Anjala observation station in Kouvola. The highest amount of precipitation within a 24-hour period, 27.2 millimetres, was measured at the Anjala observation station in Kouvola, on 26 February.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the end of February, snow depth was below average in most parts of the country. It varied between a few centimetres in the southwest of the country and 88 centimetres in Pokka, Kittilä. In the eastern part of the country, snow depth deviated from the usual levels by as much as 20–30 centimetres. In most of Lapland, snow was slightly deeper than the average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Apart from Lapland, the number of hours of sunshine was higher than usual in February.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"The lowest temperature of the winter was measured in early January","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in winter, or December–February, varied from around -1°C in Åland to around -16°C in Northern Lapland. In the whole country, the average temperature was colder than usual compared to the long-term average in 1991–2020: the temperature deviation was roughly two degrees in most parts of the country, while in Lapland it was two to five degrees. In some parts of Lapland, winter was therefore unusually cold. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The lowest temperature in the winter months was -42.8°C, which was measured in Tulppio, Savukoski, on 9 January. The highest temperature was 8.9 degrees, which was observed at Mariehamn Airport on 10 December. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There was widely less rain than usual during this winter. Precipitation was lowest, 57 mm, in Laitala, Toholampi, and the highest in Jomalaby in Jomala, 166.6 mm. Precipitation levels were unusually low in some places during this winter. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"During the winter months, the sun was shining almost a normal amount throughout the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate Statistics ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"ET09ZsQwQ83gPFOAdcwOI","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-25T12:37:03.458Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-25T12:37:03.458Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":26,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Braking distances of heavy-duty vehicles tested in winter conditions in Pudasjärvi, Northern Finland – measurements and weather services enhance winter traffic safety","leadParagraph":"How can traffic safety for heavy-duty vehicles be improved in slippery and highly variable winter conditions? At a SafeTrucks research project test event in Pudasjärvi, Northern Finland, it was demonstrated how vehicle-mounted technologies, accurate local road weather forecasts and road surface friction measurements can help anticipate hazardous situations – and ultimately improve safety for all road users.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"61hq2Le47bwOmhUAvgAd3t","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-25T12:26:13.156Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-25T12:26:13.156Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Tukkirekka jarrutustesteissä Tuukka Erkkilä Alasin Media Oy EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"85DBbideDNVrUpFXhjITi","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-02-25T12:25:26.572Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-25T12:25:26.572Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Tukkirekka jarrutustesteissä Pudasjärvellä Tuukka Erkkilä Alasin Media Oy","description":"SafeTrucks, talvi, jarrutustesti, liikenne, rekka","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/85DBbideDNVrUpFXhjITi/6464ef366975bcacb4f6ca4aa3aa6a20/tukkirekka_jarrutustestit.jpg","details":{"size":69849,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"tukkirekka_jarrutustestit.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Braking distances of heavy-duty vehicles were tested in Pudasjärvi. Photo: Tuukka Erkkilä / Alasin Media Oy.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The core of the SafeTrucks test event consisted of braking distance tests on a wintry, low-friction surface. On a dedicated test track, researchers examined how different vehicles and vehicle combinations behave during braking manoeuvres and how real-time condition information supports safe driving.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Solutions developed within the project were also presented during the day. These integrate real-time condition data collected from vehicles, road surface friction measurements and enhanced local road weather forecasts.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The tests were carried out in temperatures dropping below –20°C on a track prepared at Pudasjärvi Airport. Tyre and friction measurements were conducted using various heavy-duty vehicles and vehicle combinations, with vehicle mass and speed as key variables. The results provided measured reference values for braking distances at specific speeds under defined winter conditions.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Developing advanced weather and safety services is a central objective of the project. Determining threshold values for friction and slipperiness through controlled testing makes it possible to generate vehicle-specific warning services when road weather forecasts and vehicle-generated data indicate significant changes in conditions.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“Demonstrating heavy traffic warning services alongside the braking tests clearly illustrated the core objectives of the research project. Improving safety for heavy-duty traffic has a multiplied positive impact on the entire transport system,” says Project Coordinator and Senior Research Scientist ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Timo Sukuvaara ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://safetrucks.fmi.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The SafeTrucks research project","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" and the development of its services are led by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The practical implementation of the test event was carried out by Nokian Heavy Tyres and the Vehicle and Mobile Machinery Engineering Research Group of the University of Oulu, both of which have extensive expertise in tyre testing and road–tyre interaction research.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Braking distances measured with different vehicles and loads","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Braking distances were tested on a slippery surface using several vehicle configurations. The measurements examined:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"road surface friction with different tyre types","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"differences in braking distances between unloaded and loaded vehicles","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"differences between a tractor unit and a full vehicle combination","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"the role of vehicles as mobile sensors for collecting condition data","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"improved forecasting of local road weather conditions","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“Tyre testing is a key element of Nokian Heavy Tyres’ product development, and in all projects we place particular emphasis on improving safety. In this project, we have focused on developing the Intuitu smart tyre solution to meet the needs of heavy-duty vehicles,” says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Teppo Siltanen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Senior Product Manager at Nokian Heavy Tyres.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Using the heavy-duty tyre measurement trailer developed by the University of Oulu, real-time road surface friction was measured both before and during braking events. Optical friction measurement devices installed in the project’s pilot vehicles were also utilised.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“With the tyre measurement trailer, we can study tyre force generation in real-life winter road conditions, for example during cornering and braking. The measurement results are used to validate friction measurement methods, compare tyre performance and develop tyre models that are essential for vehicle dynamics simulations. These simulations enable us to assess, for instance, the stability of different heavy vehicle combinations when exposed to sudden strong crosswinds in winter conditions,” says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Miro-Tommi Tuutijärvi","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Doctoral Researcher at the University of Oulu.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The tyre measurement trailer, designed and built at the University of Oulu, is a unique research instrument engineered to measure dynamic tyre forces. It measures lateral force (cornering), longitudinal force (braking) and combined slip (braking while cornering) in real time. The system enables comparisons between different tyres mounted on various axles and tested on different road surfaces. By conducting tests at varying slip ratios and slip angles, longitudinal and lateral friction curves can be generated for each tyre configuration.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Broad cooperation supports the development of traffic safety","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Other project partners participating in the event included Ahola Transport, Neste and Taipale Telematics, which presented their ongoing research and development activities. Cooperation partners include Suomen Maa-autot, VR Transpoint and Lappia Vocational College. Lappia Vocational College has provided vehicles as platforms for the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s optical friction measurements, and its vehicles also participated in the braking tests.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"During the test day, compacted snow ridges formed between tyre tracks became polished, causing variations in road slipperiness. Similar changes occur in real-world traffic, highlighting the importance of drivers’ ability to interpret road surface conditions. Modern heavy-duty vehicles maintain steerability even under full braking, enabling drivers to actively seek available grip beneath the tyres.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The braking distance tests were supervised and coordinated by the Finnish Road Safety Council (Liikenneturva).","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“We are always pleased to be involved in activities that take concrete steps towards improved road safety,” says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Toni Vuoristo","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Planning Officer at Liikenneturva.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://safetrucks.fmi.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"SafeTrucks project website","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Dr. Timo Sukuvaara","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" \nSenior Research Scientist, Project Manager \nFinnish Meteorological Institute \nTel. +358 40 529 4977 \ntimo.sukuvaara@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Teppo Siltanen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"\nSenior Product Manager\nNokian Heavy Tyres\nTel. +358 10 401 7709\nteppo.siltanen@nokiantyres.com","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Miro-Tommi Tuutijärvi","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"\nDoctoral Researcher\nUniversity of Oulu\nTel. +358 29 448 2080\nMiro-Tommi.Tuutijarvi@oulu.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Toni Vuoristo","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"\nPlanning Officer\nFinnish Road Safety Council (Liikenneturva)\nTel. +358 20 7282 349\ntoni.vuoristo@liikenneturva.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Liikenne","Tutkimus","Sää"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1MKhDD6XMIFvkginbe2ABj","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-18T07:55:53.665Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-18T07:55:53.665Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":20,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Finnish Meteorological Institute and IIT Madras establish virtual research centre on climate and air quality","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to establish VAYYU, a virtual research centre focusing on aerosol–meteorology interactions, Himalayan atmosphere–cryosphere processes and urban air quality.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2sIS3UXgRkAocIyd3Wlfle","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-18T07:54:48.579Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-18T07:54:48.579Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"New Delhi Intia Marco Taliani AdobeStock EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2pIk0d4MSchdSZR2qIPD2E","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-02-18T07:54:03.323Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-18T07:54:03.323Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"New Delhi Intia Marco Taliani AdobeStock","description":"Intia, suurkaupunki, New Delhi, AdobeStock 179086344","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2pIk0d4MSchdSZR2qIPD2E/4769b45dacf3980d844e2dbf005a8e9b/AdobeStock_179086344.jpg","details":{"size":44097,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_179086344.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"New Delhi, India. Photo: Marco Taliani / AdobeStock.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"VAYYU, Virtual Research Centre on Aerosol–Meteorology Interactions, Himalayan Atmosphere–Cryosphere Interactions, and Urban Air, combines advanced modelling with state-of-the-art observations. The aim is to improve understanding of how aerosols influence regional hydro-climate, monsoon dynamics, Himalayan snow and glacier melt, and air quality in major Indian cities. The collaboration builds on three years of joint research on Himalayan aerosols.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Building on ongoing joint projects","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The new centre builds on two major collaborative initiatives:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"CryoSCOPE ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"which investigates atmosphere–cryosphere–hydrosphere interactions in the Himalayas and assesses the role of aerosols in glacier melt and drought and flood risks.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"CO-ENHANCIN ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"which has supported the establishment of a new urban observatory in Chennai, providing high-resolution measurements of aerosols, atmospheric chemistry and boundary-layer processes to support air-quality assessment and local weather prediction.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"VAYYU will strengthen Indo-Finnish cooperation in climate science, urban sustainability and air-quality forecasting. The centre will also promote researcher mobility, joint research proposals and advanced training in atmospheric modelling and instrumentation.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.iitm.ac.in/happenings/press-releases-and-coverages/iit-madras-partners-finnish-meteorological-institute-launch"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"IIT Madras partners with Finnish Meteorological Institute to launch Advanced Research Centre (press release 16th Feb 2026)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Ilmasto","Ilmanlaatu","Tutkimus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"54XR3lGUY7umixzsC72u5F","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-05T11:35:55.650Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-05T11:35:55.650Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"January was cold, dry and fairly cloudy","leadParagraph":"In Lapland, it was unusually cold outside the fell areas: the last colder January was almost 40 years ago.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"71nZIxf1aVrvnMPlMaWKQh","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-05T11:27:58.410Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-05T11:27:58.410Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Tykkylumi Ahti Ovaskainen EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7Daa36eAfmGJ6oUVmLHEIS","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-04-15T19:44:07.267Z","updatedAt":"2023-02-24T13:50:21.214Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":4,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Tykkyluminen maisema Ahti Ovaskainen","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7Daa36eAfmGJ6oUVmLHEIS/5482e42e5b9df8cbd5c5348df642b9f1/lapinlumet_ahtiovaskainen.jpg","details":{"size":76388,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"lapinlumet_ahtiovaskainen.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Ahti Ovaskainen."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, January was colder than usual in the entire country. The average temperature of the month varied between approximately -2 degree Celsius in the Southwest Archipelago to just over -20 degrees in Lapland. The temperature deviation from the average for 1991–2020 varied between approximately -2°C in Åland and -10°C in Western Lapland. Apart from the fell areas, Lapland was unusually cold. In Lapland, the last colder January was, in many places, in 1987. South of Lapland, a colder January was experienced two years ago. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The highest temperature in January was 4.3 degrees, and it was measured in Lemland Nyhamn, on 17 January. The lowest temperature of the month was -42.8 degrees measured in Tulppio, Savukoski, on 9 January. This was the third coldest temperature recorded in Finland in the 2000s. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The low precipitation was reflected in the snow situation","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Rainfall in January remained unusually or exceptionally low in many places. The month’s precipitation varied from 2.8 mm in Nuorgam, in Utsjoki, to 56.4 mm in Jomalaby. The highest daily precipitation, 16.6 mm, was recorded at the Långnäs harbour observation station in Lumparland, on 1 January. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In most parts of the country, rainfall in January was around 10 mm, which is roughly one quarter of normal. It was particularly dry in central parts of the country, where several observation stations recorded the lowest precipitation in their measurement history. The low precipitation areas included Jyväskylä Airport, Juupajoki Hyytiälä, Vieremä Kaarakkala and Lieksa Lampela, where the station’s measurement history extends over a hundred years.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The low precipitation is also visible in snow depths. At the end of the month, the central part of the country had unusually little snow, 10–30 centimetres below the average. The last time there was less snow in the least snowy areas this time of the year was in 2014. Only in Central Lapland was the snow depth above average.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The entire country had fewer hours of sunshine than usual.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/normal-period"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climatological normal period","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5sd8n35deH1a9026xwah3z","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-05T08:00:07.612Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-06T11:49:16.863Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":38,"revision":5,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Nordic report on the impacts of AMOC tipping urges stronger mitigation, monitoring and preparedness","leadParagraph":"The report A Nordic Perspective on AMOC Tipping reviews the current state of science on the impacts of potential Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) collapse and provides recommendations for policy actions.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6wuzuI1cLhtNFeGbgXzuKl","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-04T09:25:35.454Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-04T09:25:35.454Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Jäinen meri Antti Kangas EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7gztqi5y2c4j6kodnjaljN","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-12-11T06:56:43.511Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-04T09:17:55.053Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Jainen meri 2021 AnttiKangas 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7gztqi5y2c4j6kodnjaljN/b1b8dabdab7b757fbab5194dad4a0e1b/Jainen_meri_2021_AnttiKangas_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":95891,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Jainen_meri_2021_AnttiKangas_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Antti Kangas.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The report was published on Thursday 5 February 2026 ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://pub.norden.org/temanord2026-504"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"on the Nordic Council of Ministers' website","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transports heat to the North Atlantic and contributes to the relatively mild climate of the Nordic countries. Global warming is slowing down AMOC and although unlikely, it is possible that it could even stop at relatively low levels of global warming. Such a change could turn the climate of Northern Europe in a colder direction while the rest of the world continues to warm – the effects could be visible in food production, energy systems, and livelihoods, among other things.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“The AMOC is a key part of the climate system for the Nordic region. While the future of the AMOC is uncertain, the potential for a rapid weakening or collapse is a risk we need to take seriously,” says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Aleksi Nummelin","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Research Professor at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. “This report brings together current scientific knowledge and highlights practical actions for mitigation, monitoring and preparedness.”","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Key messages from the report","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"It is vital to push for vigorous mitigation that achieves decarbonization and net negative emission targets.","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" Until we have better understanding of the likelihood of AMOC crossing a critical threshold (tipping point), and the level of global warming or timeframe at which this might occur, a precautionary approach should be assumed: Any additional warming, and any increase in duration of “overshoot” of 1.5°C increases the risk of AMOC collapse. Therefore, preventing further warming is crucial.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Long-term funding should be secured to sustain and operationalize key observational networks, and build an AMOC early warning system that couples Earth observations with model simulations.","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" This early warning system should be embedded in policy making processes to create rapid knowledge-to-action abilities. The new EU Ocean Act provides possibilities for coordinating this effort.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The future of the AMOC is highly uncertain, but an AMOC collapse could trigger extreme impacts in the Nordic countries that differ from, and in part oppose, those expected from global climate change.","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" It is essential to develop and adopt flexible climate change adaptation strategies that account for the region’s exposure to the impacts of AMOC weakening and would succeed across divergent future trajectories with and without AMOC tipping. Further, the potential collapse of the AMOC should be treated as a real and significant threat, to which comprehensive risk management frameworks are applied and integrated across all levels of governance.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Report brings together Nordic and international expertise","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The report was initiated at the Nordic Council of Ministers sponsored ‘Nordic Tipping Week’ workshop, arranged on 21–24 October 2025 in Helsinki and Rovaniemi, Finland, as part of Finland’s Council Presidency theme resilience. The workshop brought together scientists working on different aspects of AMOC dynamics and its impacts, from physical oceanographers to social scientists.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The report was prepared in collaboration with scientists from a wide range of Nordic and international research institutions. The Finnish Meteorological Institute coordinated the work.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The workshop, and this report, were in part motivated by ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.vedur.is/media/ads_in_header/AMOC-letter_Final.pdf"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"the Open Letter by Climate Scientists to the Nordic Council of Ministers","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" presented in 2024. The letter suggested that the risk of an AMOC collapse might have been previously overlooked.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research Professor Aleksi Nummelin, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 451 543 774","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Email address is in the format forename.surname@fmi.fi.","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://pub.norden.org/temanord2026-504"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Read the report A Nordic Perspective on AMOC Tipping.","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Watch a video of scientists discuss Nordic Tipping Point below","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4qTe2zT9lu7vVF5tkjHVnd","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-02-05T10:32:09.301Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-05T10:39:29.935Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"iFrame"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"FMI Nordic Tipping Point Discussion","url":"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/IVtXgSY3ZGk?rel=0","caption":"Scientists discuss Nordic tipping point on the train from Helsinki to Rovaniemi.","cookieService":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6Ob2wyr90IH0n9r2xG5s8w","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2022-10-12T12:25:11.000Z","updatedAt":"2023-01-10T07:48:46.890Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":48,"revision":8,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"cookieService"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"id":"youtube","name":"Videos","description":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"By accepting this feature, you can view YouTube videos embedded on our site. 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In 2024, over 13,500 pedestrians slipped or fell on their way to work. The Pysy pystyssä – Stay upright campaign now being launched urges both individual people and employers to take into account the slippery winter conditions and stay upright, as the costs caused by slipping and falling accidents become high.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7jjDTZzTpfj2pxJaMBDiDf","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-01-12T13:32:43.466Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-12T13:32:43.466Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Liukkaus Juha Tuomi EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4FseAduhVYRtX1hXxvGQd7","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-11-18T09:33:17.447Z","updatedAt":"2020-11-18T09:33:17.447Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Jalankulkuliukkaus Juha Tuomi","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4FseAduhVYRtX1hXxvGQd7/083c429a47c693a268dcc149381ba49d/verkkoon_K__velij__t-suojatiell__-Juha-Tuomi.png","details":{"size":1117364,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"verkkoon_Kävelijät-suojatiellä-Juha-Tuomi.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Juha Tuomi."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.tyotapaturmatieto.fi/julkaisu/tyotapaturmatietopalvelu/4048"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"the Finnish Workers’ Compensation Center","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", the majority of commuting accidents happen to pedestrians. For example in 2024, pedestrians had a total of 14,378 commuting accidents, and 94 per cent of them (over 13,500) were cases of falling or slipping. In addition, some falls, such as falls in yards or parking lots, are not included in statistics on accidents of pedestrians. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the Finnish Workers’ Compensation Center, compensations paid for commuting accidents on foot during the same year amounted to nearly EUR 40,000,000. In addition to the significant human suffering, the costs may also become high for an individual employer. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"The compensations for commuting accidents are largely care costs and daily allowances. Workplaces can also estimate what kind of other impacts there would be if a key person were suddenly absent for a few weeks or a month. The most effective way is to prevent accidents in advance,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Janne Sysi-Aho","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Database Analyst at the Finnish Workers’ Compensation Center. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A large number of falls are also accidental injuries outdoors during working hours and, for example, in work that involves moving a lot between indoors and outdoors. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"How can employees prevent slipping accidents themselves? ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can prevent accidents through your own actions, and an essential part of this is looking after your physical health throughout the year. You should be aware of possible slippery conditions even before starting off and choose your footwear according to the weather or use anti-slip guards or studded boots The list of seven tips helps reduce the risk of slipping. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"List of tips for staying upright","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Check the pedestrian weather warning. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Choose your shoes to match the weather. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Use anti-slip accessories. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reserve enough time for your journeys. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Focus on walking. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Provide feedback to maintenance services. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Take care of your physical health and be prepared.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pysypystyssa.fi/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"The Pysy pystyssä – Stay upright campaign will run","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" from 12 to 25 January 2026. The campaign reminds us that we can reduce slipping accidents through our own actions and choices. By anticipating and being prepared, you can get around smoothly in winter. Test how well you can stay upright in slippery conditions, and participate in the prize draw: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.kotitapaturma.fi/pysy-pystyssa"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Pysy pystyssä – Stay upright test (in Finnish)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Campaign participants:","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" The Traumatic Brain Injury Association of Finland, City of Helsinki, The Finnish Association for Substance Abuse Prevention EHYT, Finance Finland, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities, Finnish Road Safety Council, Finnish Osteoporosis Association, LocalTapiola, Nikander and Wiinikka Oy, Partioaitta, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finnish Red Cross, Taitavat Suutarit ry, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/warnings"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather warnings","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/weather-warning-for-pedestrians"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather warnings for pedestrians","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/slipperiness_and_pedestrian_weather"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Slipperiness and pedestrian weather","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Liikenne","Turvallisuus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2mV6FGVh8kkpwJG9DfKjTL","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-01-08T13:46:14.439Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-08T13:46:14.439Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Year 2025 was Finland's second warmest year on record","leadParagraph":"The year was widely warmer than usual. The eastern parts of the country were drier than usual, while in the west and north, precipitation levels were higher than average. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4cIix3pSVqLpMz82esQDeP","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2023-01-02T09:49:02.313Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-02T09:53:18.515Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Vuodenajat kuvakollaasi lowres 1200x675","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"66QKwQap0prHC1aiwhz8Su","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-10T06:39:27.139Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-02T09:32:59.173Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"milloin-kevat-alkaa-cardlink-1200x675px-01","description":"vuodenajat, vuodenaika, kevät, kesä, talvi, syksy","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/66QKwQap0prHC1aiwhz8Su/2f8d9a10d5ff914b8b7d4ee2c09cb9b0/milloin-kevat-alkaa-cardlink-1200x675px-lowres.jpg","details":{"size":96686,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"milloin-kevat-alkaa-cardlink-1200x675px-lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The year 2025 began with widely milder-than-usual weather. For example, March was record warm in places along the western and southwestern coasts, and spring started early. However, cooler and more unsettled weather periods were experienced in late spring and early summer, which meant that May and June were slightly cooler than usual. \n\nThe average temperature for the whole country was 4.5 degrees, which is 1.6 degrees more than the long-term average for 1991‒2020. The annual average temperature varied from approximately +8 degrees Celsius in the Southwest Archipelago to approximately zero degrees in northwestern Lapland. \n\nThe annual average temperatures were 1‒2 degrees higher than average, in most parts of the country. Across most of the country, the average temperatures per station were the second highest, remaining only slightly below the average temperatures of the record year 2020. \n\nOnly in May, June and August was the average temperature in the whole country slightly lower than usual. All other months were warmer than usual. September was once again record warm, following a record warm September in 2024 and 2023. \n\nThe highest temperature in 2025 was 32.6 degrees Celsius, which was measured at Oulu Airport, on 31 July. The lowest temperature of the year, -39.6 degrees, was measured at the Tulppio observation station in Savukoski, on 4 February. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"East remained dry while west and north saw above-average rainfall ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In most parts of the country, annual precipitation was normal or slightly higher than usual. However, in the central part of the country, precipitation levels were lower than average in the area east of Central Finland, and, in some places, even unusually low. This was particularly reflected in the exceptionally low water level in the Lake Saimaa water system. \n\nThe highest annual precipitation was observed at the Paljakka observation station in Puolanka, where it rained 835,1 mm. Total precipitation was lowest in Haapaniemi, Viitasaari, where it was 445 mm. The highest amount of precipitation in a single day was 86 millimetres measured at Kotaniemi, Ruokolahti, on 18 June. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Lapland had plenty of snow in December","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The average temperature in December 2025 varied between approximately +5 degrees Celsius in the Southwest Archipelago and -11 degrees in Northern Lapland. The average temperature was widely three to five degrees higher than the average temperature in the 1991–2020 reference period. In Lapland, the average temperature was mainly approximately 0.5 degrees higher than usual. The lowest temperature of the month, -35.3 degrees Celsius, was recorded at the village centre in Kilpisjärvi, on 31 December. The highest temperature of the month, +8.9 degrees, was recorded at the Mariehamn Airport, on 10 December. \n\nPrecipitation levels in December were largely normal or slightly higher than usual. In Lapland and Kuusamo, the monthly precipitation levels were exceptionally high, in places, and station-specific rainfall records for December were broken, in places. For example, in Tähtelä, Sodankylä, December was the rainiest in 115 years of weather records, with a 79.5 mm total rainfall measured at the station. The month’s highest precipitation was 94.0 millimetres, and it was measured in Mustavaara in Ristijärvi, Kainuu. The lowest precipitation, 38.3 mm, was recorded at the Lepaa observation station in Hattula, Kanta-Häme. The greatest amount of precipitation in a single day was 25.5 millimetres, recorded in Sjunby, Siuntio, on 8 December. \n\nThe ground remained covered in snow throughout December mainly in Lapland. After mid-December, almost all of Finland gradually got a snow cover, but towards the end of the month it melted on the country's southern coasts. At the end of the month, there was 0-15 centimetres of snow in the southern and central parts of the country and in the western part of North Ostrobothnia. Kainuu, Koillismaa and Lapland had 20–65 centimetres of snow. The largest snow depth in December was 70 centimetres, measured in Kenttärova, Kittilä, on 22 December. \n\nDecember saw a total of 18 to 25 hours of sunshine on the southern and western coasts, while in other parts of the country the sun shined mainly for 0 to 6 hours. Compared to the long-term average, the number of sunshine hours was typical for December. Central Finland saw unusually little sunshine, less than an hour in December. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/normal-period"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climatological normal period","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Meteorologists use the word exceptional when the statistical likelihood of the occurrence of a weather phenomenon is on average three times or fewer in 100 years. A phenomenon is seen as rare when it occurs less frequently than once every ten years on average.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6Tn2VPkQq8ijLAVQdBFVl3","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-01-07T19:00:05.468Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-08T06:36:02.131Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":34,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"A new era of extreme weather events in the Arctic","leadParagraph":"Extreme weather events can greatly affect Arctic nature, but long-term changes in these events have not previously been well understood. A new study shows that extreme weather events have become significantly more common in the Arctic over recent decades.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"75trQFEhWhHPvPTlYOHDnX","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-01-07T14:06:58.053Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-07T14:06:58.053Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Cassiope tetragona R Treharne","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1RQTYuohlJBo7pbARtFv2A","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-01-07T13:25:49.608Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-07T13:25:49.608Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Tunturileikovarpio R Treharne 1200x675 lowres","description":"Tunturileikovarpio, joka on vahingoittunut, kun vettä on satanut lumen päälle. Kuva: R Treharne. ","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1RQTYuohlJBo7pbARtFv2A/97b8135419b8513fea7b06cd053a5fa8/Cassiope-tetragona-killed-by-a-rain-on-snow-event-PHOTO-R-TREHARNE-1200x675-lowres.jpg","details":{"size":85572,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Cassiope-tetragona-killed-by-a-rain-on-snow-event-PHOTO-R-TREHARNE-1200x675-lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Cassiope tetragona killed by a rain-on-snow event.  Photo: R Treharne.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Arctic has been observed to warm about three to four times faster than the global average. This rapid warming is also expected to change the frequency and severity of extreme weather events in the region. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw5698"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A new study","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" published in the prestigious scientific journal ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Science Advances","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" is the first to comprehensively examine long-term changes in several so-called bioclimatic variables. Bioclimate refers to climate conditions relevant to living organisms. The researchers investigated changes spanning more than seven decades, focusing especially on short-lived extreme weather events.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“Seasonality, such as the growing season and snow conditions, is known to be crucial for ecosystem functioning and the success of northern species. However, changes in bioclimatic extreme events have not been previously studied in a comprehensive way,” says research professor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Juha Aalto","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In addition to rising average temperatures, Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are increasingly experiencing a range of extreme weather events, such as prolonged heatwaves, frost during the growing season, and warm winter spells. The extent and intensity of these changes vary across different parts of the Arctic.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Arctic regions face unprecedented climate conditions","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study shows that in many areas, some of the examined extreme weather events have only begun to appear in the past few decades. One example is rain-on-snow events. The researchers identified new regions affected by rain-on-snow events covering more than 10% of the Arctic land area. Rain falling onto snow creates particular challenges for mammals, as it promotes the formation of ice layers within the snowpack. For example, reindeer are then unable to access the lichens they rely on in their winter grazing grounds.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"When looking at multiple types of extreme events together, the researchers found that at least one new extreme event has begun to occur across ca. one-third of the Arctic land area.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“This finding suggests that as the climate changes, Arctic ecosystems will be increasingly exposed to climate conditions they have never experienced before,” says Professor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Miska Luoto","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the University of Helsinki. “This may have significant long-term consequences for Arctic nature.”","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study also identified regions, so called hotspots, where changes in both seasonal conditions and extreme events have been especially strong. Such areas are found particularly in western Scandinavia, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and central Siberia.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"An improved picture of northern bioclimate change","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The research used modern atmospheric reanalysis data, from which the bioclimatic variables were calculated. Reanalysis combines observations with a weather model, providing the best possible information on atmospheric and surface conditions. This is particularly valuable in remote regions where direct measurements are sparse, such as large parts of the Arctic.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Accurate, up-to-date information on bioclimate is needed for monitoring and predicting Arctic biodiversity, as well as to support climate change adaptation in societies.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The international study, led by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, involved researchers from the Universities of Helsinki and Jyväskylä, as well as from the United Kingdom and France.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research Professor Juha Aalto, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 409 0963. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Email address is in the format forename.surname@fmi.fi.","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" \n\nProfessor Miska Luoto, University of Helsinki, tel. +358 50 448 0241. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Email address is in the format forename.surname@helsinki.fi.","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw5698"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The article is openly accessible.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Reference: Aalto, J., Kämäräinen, M., Rantanen, M., Niittynen, P., Phoenix, G., Lenoir, L., Maclean, I., Luoto, M. (2025). A new era of bioclimatic extremes in the terrestrial Arctic. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Science Advances","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":". In press. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw5698"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw5698","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"M4dWrgSzgVz97kmr5tnZy","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2026-01-07T14:07:55.393Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-07T14:07:55.393Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Empetrum nigrum R Treharne","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1tMbwC9GkkkNJpyMPMRS0o","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2026-01-07T13:27:34.637Z","updatedAt":"2026-01-07T13:27:34.637Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Variksenmarjapensas R Treharne. ","description":"Variksenmarjapensas, joka on kuollut talviaikaisen lämpöaallon seurauksena. Kuva: R Treharne. ","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1tMbwC9GkkkNJpyMPMRS0o/8fb7c9eb4f7eb51e9571def15d763dc2/Empetrum_nigrum_killed_by_extreme_winter_warming_PHOTO_R_TREHARNE.JPG","details":{"size":851907,"image":{"width":1200,"height":900}},"fileName":"Empetrum nigrum killed by extreme winter warming PHOTO R TREHARNE.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Empetrum nigrum killed by extreme winter warming. 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Launched on 2 December 1995, the mission has transformed scientific understanding of the Sun and continues to operate with most of its instruments still functioning.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4t7jYPhtFo11alpvJEHuqV","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-12-05T12:28:23.790Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-05T12:28:23.790Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"SOHO ESA NASA","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"PZCvFWhzlwwgGXh3so5KY","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-12-05T12:27:48.181Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-05T12:27:54.382Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"SOHO ESA NASA lowres","description":"SOHO, satelliitti","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/PZCvFWhzlwwgGXh3so5KY/16d2fcb26a01c101a061d9bbcaf445fc/SOHO_1200_lowres.jpg","details":{"size":77636,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"SOHO_1200_lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Artist’s impression of the ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, SOHO, with the Sun as seen by the satellite’s extreme-ultraviolet imaging telescope on 14 September 1999. Spacecraft: ESA/ATG medialab; Sun: ESA/NASA SOHO.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"SOHO is a joint mission between the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. ESA provided the spacecraft and nine of its twelve instruments, while NASA contributed three instruments, the launcher and mission operations at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The precise 1995 launch required no planned course corrections, enabling operations far beyond the originally expected three years and making it possible for the remaining fuel to support operations for more than 70 years.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finland has played a key role from the beginning. The University of Turku developed the Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron Experiment (ERNE). The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), together with VTT and Finnish industry partners, built major parts of the Solar Wind Anisotropy (SWAN) instrument in cooperation with a French research institute, which leads the instrument and provides detector systems and data analysis. FMI developed the remaining hardware and control systems and has operated SWAN throughout the mission.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Transforming solar and space weather research","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"SOHO has profoundly advanced knowledge of the Sun’s interior, magnetic activity and their effects on the solar system. Its measurements have revealed temperature layers, subsurface flows and complex rotation patterns, and improved understanding of energy transfer processes that drive sunspots, magnetic storms, fast solar wind streams and coronal mass ejections. These discoveries have significantly enhanced space-weather forecasting, helping operators of power grids and satellites prepare for solar storms. Monitoring solar irradiance and variations in extreme ultraviolet radiation has also supported climate-related studies of solar variability.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Since late 1995, the SWAN instrument has produced three-dimensional maps of the solar wind by observing how the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation interacts with interstellar hydrogen. The long observational record, covering several solar cycles, shows hemispheric asymmetries, cycle-dependent variations and provides insights into the structure of the heliosphere. Early in the mission, SWAN also detected traces of water vapour escaping Earth as far as the Moon’s orbit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Comet discoveries and new early-warning capability – and continuing","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"SOHO has discovered more than 5,000 previously unknown comets, most via the LASCO instrument, but over 3,700 SWAN images have also contained comet signatures. Several comets discovered from SWAN data carry the instrument’s name. These observations have enabled studies of cometary water production rates and offered detailed insights into the disintegration of comets such as PanSTARRS and LEONARD.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"SWAN’s observations of ultraviolet outflows and high-energy particle ejections also allow the detection of strong solar events occurring on the far side of the Sun. Combined with knowledge of solar rotation, these measurements can provide several days of advance warning which is longer than the typical few hours offered by Earth-based observations.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With most instruments still operational and no full replacement currently in orbit, ESA and NASA have extended the SOHO mission at least into 2026.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Walter Schmidt, retired Research Manager, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 324 3107. \n","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Email address is in the format forname.surname@saunalahti.fi.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ari-Matti Harri, Head of Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 29 539 4632. \n","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Email address is in the format forename.surname@fmi.fi.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/SOHO"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"ESA: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory mission (SOHO)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02687-4"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific review article in Nature Astronomy: SOHO’s 30-year legacy of observing the Sun","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Tutkimus","Avaruus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6ULxRCsZMlRoSJCHIw8j2y","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-12-04T06:30:11.685Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-04T06:30:11.685Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Nordic conference brings hydrology experts to Åland in August 2026","leadParagraph":"The Digital Waters Flagship and the Nordic Association for Hydrology (NHF) will co-organize the next Nordic Hydrological Conference in Mariehamn, Åland.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3gGVIu0OPoXSxPt4lD4leH","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-06-06T12:10:53.881Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-06T12:10:53.881Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kuivuus Sofie Kåll Adobe Stock EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3utekGlntsYnRGdgn41UFq","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2023-12-11T07:42:04.695Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-03T15:11:31.823Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":19,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kuivaa saaristoa Ahvenanmaalla Sofie Kåll stock.adobe.com","description":"Kesä, kuivuus, Ahvenanmaa, helle, saaristo, Sofie Kåll AdobeStock 554061845","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3utekGlntsYnRGdgn41UFq/46e803caa0334b75fdeed1bcb19cb20c/AdobeStock_554061845_lowres.jpg","details":{"size":110680,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_554061845_lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Sofie Kåll / AdobeStock."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"NHC2026 focuses on digital solutions in hydrology and sustainable water management. The conference will explore digital advances in water resources, water quality, ecohydrology, and decision-support systems for a changing climate.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The programme includes keynote lectures as well as oral and poster presentations, and welcomes contributions across all areas of hydrology.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The event will take place on 18–20 August 2026 at the Alandica Culture and Congress Centre.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information and registration:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://ssl.eventilla.com/nhc2026-fin"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Visit the official NHC2026 event page","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The DIWA flagship provides information on changes in water systems ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://digitalwaters.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Digital Waters (DIWA) flagship","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" studies, among other things, how climate change or human activity affects waters. The Finnish Meteorological Institute is responsible for the snow component of the project and its role is to improve the modelling and measurement methods of snow as well as to study, among other things, how snow affects water resources.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"618LLMmTkGoJqFBzQ8jtre","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-12-03T13:17:45.206Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-03T13:17:45.206Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":15,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Exceptionally warm autumn in parts of Finland","leadParagraph":"This was the second-warmest autumn on record at many of the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s observation stations. There was a clear split in November: It was cold in Lapland, while the rest of the country experienced mild weather.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2rrgQH3mr4CUNsyCRGPFag","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-12-03T13:07:57.018Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-03T13:07:57.018Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Syksy kuura Tuomas Aumala 1200px EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"KMb79rT8SnjwPJww21NoW","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-12-01T09:26:53.543Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-01T09:26:53.543Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"syksy tuomas aumala 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/KMb79rT8SnjwPJww21NoW/ff6476ec25a5afe2aeaf36e75907d14f/syksy_tuomas_aumala_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":603802,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"syksy_tuomas_aumala_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Tuomas Aumala."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, this autumn (September–November) was unusually or exceptionally warm almost throughout the whole country, with the exception of Lapland. Many observation stations reported this as the second-warmest autumn on record. For example, this was the case at Jokioinen and Maaninka, in Kuopio, which both have nearly a hundred years of records. Utö, with 140 years of records, posted the third-warmest autumn ever. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature in the autumn varied from about zero degrees in north-west arm of Finnish Lapland to +10 degrees along the country’s southern coast. The deviation of the mean temperature from the 1991–2020 reference period average was about one and a half degrees in Lapland, and over 2 degrees elsewhere. The highest temperature of the autumn, 25.8 degrees, was recorded at the Kärkkä observation station in Salo on 8 September. The lowest temperature, -31.6 degrees, was measured at Enontekiö Airport on 24 November. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation this autumn was largely normal or slightly higher than normal. The region form Kainuu to Southern Lapland saw significant rainfall, while the rainfall in the area close to the Eastern Border, in North and South Karelia, was less than average. According to preliminary data, precipitation was the highest at the Paljakka observation station in Puolanka, where the precipitation level was 323.6 millimetres during September-November. The lowest precipitation, 98.9 millimetres, was recorded at the Lintupuoliselkä station in Angeli, Inari.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Cold November in Lapland, mild weather elsewhere","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature in November varied from about +6 degrees in the Southwest Archipelago to about −11 degrees in the northwest of Finnish Lapland. The average temperature in Lapland was approximately 2–3 degrees below the average for the 1991–2020 reference period. Elsewhere in Finland, the average temperature was 1–3 degrees higher than normal. The highest temperature of the month, 12.8 degrees, was recorded at the Hammarland Märket observation station on 5 November. The lowest temperature of the month, −31.6 degrees, was recorded at Enontekiö Airport on 24 November.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation in November was varied. Rainfall was lower than normal in the south and the northern reaches; the middle of the country saw much more rain.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Koivuniemi station in Virolahti was the exception to the low precipitation in the south, measuring the highest precipitation in November at 161.6 millimetres. The station also measured the highest daily precipitation, 79.0 millimetres, on 16 November. This is also the new record daily rainfall for November in Finland. The previous record was 52.8 millimetres at Sarviluoma station in Isojoki in 1971, which broke clearly here.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Kaamanen in Inari had the lowest amount of precipitation in November at 19.1 millimetres.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"November saw snowfall all the way in the south of Finland, but as the last week of November was mild, only Kainuu and Lappi retained a 10–25 centimetre snow cover. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In November, hours of sunshine ranged from one hour at Kevo in Utsjoki to approximately 48 hours at Badhusberget in Mariehamn. Apart from northern Lapland, Finland saw mostly normal hours of sunshine.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate statistics in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6wq363sYDvXJqCAcZ1ctFZ","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-11-06T13:39:58.074Z","updatedAt":"2025-11-06T13:39:58.074Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"October was warmer than usual in the entire country","leadParagraph":"In Lapland, the month was unusually warm: the first snow fell more than two weeks later than usual.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6t3ps8nZsNTqnIKE5INrXv","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-11-06T11:10:17.121Z","updatedAt":"2025-11-06T11:10:17.121Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Lokakuu kuura syksy Tuomas Aumala EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"674EbtU0sywGVyGGML4RBP","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-11-01T08:39:04.537Z","updatedAt":"2025-11-01T08:39:04.537Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"lokakuu kuura Tuomas Aumala 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/674EbtU0sywGVyGGML4RBP/6f4e66538d0e07202709d523b04abec0/lokakuu_kuura_Tuomas_Aumala_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":141123,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"lokakuu_kuura_Tuomas_Aumala_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Tuomas Aumala.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, October was unusually warm throughout the country, even exceptionally warm in Northern Finland. Average temperatures for the month varied between approximately +1.5 degrees Celsius in Enontekiö and +10 degrees in the Southwest Archipelago. Consequently, October was between 1 to 3.5 degrees warmer than the average for the 1991–2020 comparison period, in the entire country.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The highest temperature of the month, 15.7 degrees, was recorded on 6 October at the Vänö observation station in Kimito. The lowest temperature of the month, ‒13.4 degrees, was recorded on 21 October at the Oustajärvi observation station in Muonio and at Enontekiö Airport.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to preliminary information, precipitation was highest in Kaakkuri, Tornio, where it reached 114.6 millimetres. The lowest amount of precipitation, 30.3 mm, was recorded at Lake Mekrijärvi, Ilomantsi. The precipitation in October was mainly lower than usual in the east and south, but slightly higher than usual in the west and southwest coasts, as well as largely in the north. In some parts in the east, precipitation remained about half of the normal amount of precipitation in October. The highest 24-hour rainfall, 30.2 millimetres, was recorded at the Kaakkuri observation station, in Tornio, on 23 October.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Lapland had less snow than usual","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The first snow was recorded on 16 October at the Kilpisjärvi village centre, in Enontekiö; first snow came more than two weeks later than usual. In the second half of the month, there was little snow on the ground in Central and Northern Lapland, and at the end of October only in places in Northern Lapland. Snow cover in Lapland was slightly lower than usual for the time period. The highest snow depth, 17 centimetres, was recorded at the Kilpisjärvi village centre, in Enontekiö, on 24 October.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The number of sunshine hours was between 70 and 110 hours in the western part of the country, and 30 to 70 hours in the rest of the country. There was slightly less sunshine than usual in most parts of the country.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate statistics in Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Download observations","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Sää","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"01RTR5GBbrRKVYdSbH2GLx","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-10-29T11:25:09.486Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-29T11:25:09.486Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Particulate matter from wildfires causes globally over 100,000 annual deaths – impacts of fire smoke and desert dust are unevenly distributed between continents","leadParagraph":"Fine particles from wildfires cause over 100,000 premature deaths each year around the world, according to the Lancet Countdown 2025 report. The study shows that while global wildfire smoke particle concentrations have not increased significantly, the number of people exposed to harmful smoke has grown due to population increase, particularly in fire-prone regions.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6lXbvqYCDsnvCTZ5iOR32Q","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-08-18T06:36:43.629Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-18T06:36:43.629Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Maastopalo ilmasta Shutterstock 1200x675 low-res EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4vVkuujxYK4YtbZQbPkCZO","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-08-18T06:28:11.786Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-18T06:28:11.786Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Maastopalo ilmasta Shutterstock 1200x675 low-res","description":"metsäpalo, maastopalo, savu, shutterstock 1074014492","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4vVkuujxYK4YtbZQbPkCZO/4b05cb12184566461117ee02dc85a1d9/shutterstock_1074014492_IL_web_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":256500,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"shutterstock_1074014492_IL web 1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Shutterstock.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"As part of the report, researchers from the Finnish Meteorological Institute modeled how the fine particles from forest fires spread in the atmosphere and estimated how much people are exposed to harmful concentrations. The analysis is based on the satellite-based observations of fires that were used as an estimate for smoke emissions.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The year 2024 was the peak year for mortality with approximately 154,000 deaths due to fire smoke, slightly exceeding the previous year 2023. Compared with the previous report, the fire smoke indicator currently estimates also the total mortality from fire smoke. From 2003–2012 to 2015–2024, the average mortality increased by 9%, with low Human Development Index (HDI) countries seeing the biggest increase (46%). However, the increasing trend in mortality from fire smoke is mainly caused by the growing population exposure rather than worsening smoke conditions. While local fire activity has intensified in some areas, such as western parts of Canada and the United States, the global average wildfire smoke particle concentration did not show a clear increasing trend.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Fire risk, however, continues to grow regionally, with strength and smoke exposure depending on the efficiency of fire management measures and the impacts of climate change.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Apart from the fire indicator, SILAM model calculations of global desert dust were included in the Dust ensemble, together with Copernicus, Naval Research Laboratory, and NASA models. Climate change and population growth also leads to increasing exposure of population with dust, with particularly significant rise in Africa and Asia.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate and health are closely linked","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The published global report is part of ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"the Lancet Countdown project","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" that tracks the relationship between health and climate change using over 50 indicators. The 2025 report emphasizes that urgent action is needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change to avoid the most severe health effects.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Lancet Countdown","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" has been selected as one of the 15 finalists for the GAEA awards. The winner will be announced at the World Economic Forum in January 2026. The nomination itself is a significant recognition of the project’s impact on both climate research and policymaking.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://lancetcountdown.org/2025-report/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Lancet Countdown Report 2025","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mikhail Sofiev, Research Professor, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 503 290 578","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Risto Hänninen, Senior Scientist, Finnish Meteorological Institute","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Rostislav Kouznetsov, Senior Scientist, Finnish Meteorological Institute","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Andreas Uppstu, Senior Scientist, Finnish Meteorological Institute","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Email addresses are in the format firstname.lastname@fmi.fi. Replace the letter “ä” with “a” in the name.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"qbkLnrKWgXq1ifHd9PJgM","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-10-07T06:00:09.419Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-07T06:00:09.419Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":41,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"artikkeli","title":"A new field of research investigates the effects of nano- and microplastics in the atmosphere","leadParagraph":"Nano- and microplastics have been found almost everywhere – from water bodies, soil and glaciers to biota – but airborne microplastics, and especially nanoplastics, have been almost totally ignored. The Finnish Meteorological Institute develops methods for assessing the significance of atmospheric plastic particles for the environment and humans.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5JQ2kytJVumbv3UBqPxk5Y","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-10-03T11:25:21.242Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-06T08:13:38.458Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Renkaiden muovit Adobe Stock EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3kQceRLuX9F3QD9dUznwPF","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-09-22T12:36:26.247Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-22T12:36:26.247Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Renkaiden muovit, Adobe Stock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3kQceRLuX9F3QD9dUznwPF/a96a4423597745e3f17f20047836a797/Ilmanlaatu_low-res.jpg","details":{"size":102326,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Ilmanlaatu low-res.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Nano- and microplastics are generally known as a problem for water bodies and aquatic animals. However, in recent years it has been shown that nano- and microplastic particles are also found in the air. Tiny, nearly invisible plastic particles have been detected in urban air, but with air currents they can be carried for up to thousands of kilometres.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“When plastics were detected in snow-covered regions and glaciers far away from any human settlements, it became clear that plastic particles are a global issue that is not limited to inhabited areas,” explains ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Hilkka Timonen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Principal Scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is currently involved in","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/acinmua-project"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":" ACINMUA ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"and ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/plasticfinder"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"PlasticFinder","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" projects that study how atmospheric nano- and microplastics can be detected, collected and analysed. The projects also investigate the overall concentration of plastic particles in the atmosphere.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Nano- and microplastics originate from multiple sources","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Hilkka Timonen notes that the term microplastics is slightly misleading in atmospheric research: microplastics are defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimetres in diameter, particles of that size do not stay suspended for long and are not significant for air quality. The most relevant plastic particles for the atmosphere are nanoplastics with a diameter of less than a micrometre and a small fraction of microplastics.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“We are talking about extremely small particles that cannot be seen with the naked eye,” she says.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Atmospheric plastics come from various sources: for example, agriculture, construction materials, textiles, cosmetics, furniture and consumables release plastics into the atmosphere. However, it remains uncertain whether the decomposition of large plastic items in the environment, such as plastic bags, can proceed to the point of forming airborne plastic particles.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Measurements carried out in the ACINMUA project have already shown that the most common source of the atmospheric plastics found in traffic environments is rubber materials coming off from vehicle tyres.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sanna Saarikoski","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Senior Research Scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute, particle emissions from vehicle tyres are becoming an increasingly important research topic as exhaust emissions from cars are decreasing due to technological advances and the rise of electric cars. While exhaust-related particles are declining, the relative share of other traffic-related particle sources, such as tyres, brakes and road surfaces, is increasing. Electric vehicles make this issue especially topical.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“In electric cars, the challenge is particularly significant, as they are often heavier than internal combustion engine vehicles. The heavier the vehicle, the more material is emitted from the tyres. Tyre wear particle emissions are becoming a key part of future emission standards,” says Sanna Saarikoski.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is also involved ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.vttresearch.com/en/project_news/non-exhaust-emissions-electrifying-mining-and-urban-environment-nex-el"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"in the NEX-EL project","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" funded by Business Finland, which investigates tyre emissions under laboratory conditions. This enables researchers to examine the impact of different driving situations (speed, braking, acceleration) and tyre types on emissions.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1WjBtoR1CKf4x2160Igdqi","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-08T12:35:11.922Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-08T12:35:11.922Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"ACINMUA_nano_microplastics_EN_1200px","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"71LJM8aIHUjjbCccaAvjMr","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-03-08T12:32:07.178Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-08T12:32:07.178Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"ACINMUA_nano_microplastics_EN_1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/71LJM8aIHUjjbCccaAvjMr/64d7a3f298c3101463f28decd23e7dbd/figure_english_no_lines.png","details":{"size":152864,"image":{"width":1200,"height":677}},"fileName":"figure_english_no lines.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"altText":"Nano- and microplastics are utilized in industries such as textiles and cosmetics, and they are also generated through the degradation of plastic products.","plainTextImageCaption":"Plastic particles have been found in many environmental matrices, i.e. water, soil and ice, as well as in living organisms including human bodies. However, the knowledge on airborne nano- and microplastics is still largely missing."}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Critical need for new measurement methods","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Efforts have been made to detect atmospheric microplastics using, for example, deposition collectors. Hilkka Timonen explains that this often involves placing collection containers on the rooftops and monitoring what is deposited in them. However, this method is not effective for detecting atmospheric nanoplastic particles.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“The method is not optimal for studying airborne plastics, as the containers inevitably collect a lot of other material as well. That is why we have started developing new methods for determining the concentration of ambient nanoplastic particles. Our Aerosol composition research group has decades of experience in developing particle samplers, and we can apply this expertise to these projects,” says Hilkka Timonen.\n\nSanna Saarikoski adds that the development of new measurement methods is also aimed at obtaining real-time data on plastic particles. “We intend to develop devices for monitoring particle concentrations in real time. In this way, we can observe, for example, whether the plastic concentrations vary during the day,” she says.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1AVqbuIG8nDduQ93nenEok","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-10-03T11:29:17.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-03T11:29:17.938Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Researcher Delun Li Sanna Saarikoski","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"UwBaw0wEnsFeeu8LKTB4R","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-09-22T11:46:15.416Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-22T12:26:22.460Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":16,"revision":3,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Tutkija Delun Li tuottaa hiukkasia autonrenkaasta laboratoriossa, Sanna Saarikoski","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/UwBaw0wEnsFeeu8LKTB4R/1671a4592c01bc757c6266e449a1f3fd/Tutkija_laboratoriossa.png","details":{"size":1133776,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Tutkija laboratoriossa.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Researcher Delun Li produces particles from a car tyre in a laboratory. Photo: Sanna Saarikoski.","language":"EN"}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research opens new perspectives on atmospheric plastics","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Atmospheric plastics are still a fairly new research topic, and the comprehensive impacts of plastic particles on the climate, air quality and human health are only beginning to emerge. While individual studies have been conducted worldwide, the differences in air quality, sources of plastics and atmospheric plastic concentrations between the countries make it difficult to form a complete picture. Data from the Nordic countries is especially scarce, and hardly any real-time measurements of atmospheric nano- and microplastics have been carried out so far.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The purpose of ACINMUA and PlasticFinder research projects is to build expertise to assess how concerned we should be about the atmospheric plastic particles. In summary, Hilkka Timonen and Sanna Saarikoski conclude that although many questions remain unanswered, it is clear that atmospheric nano- and microplastics are a phenomenon that should be taken seriously.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"hr","data":{},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Size and shape determine the fate of particulate matter","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Small particles can stay suspended for long periods, and travel thousands of kilometres, all the way to the glaciers. Larger particles tend tosettle near their sources due to their weight. On the other hand, small particles may also stick to surfaces or collide with each other, forming larger aggregates, and thus stay close to their source.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Size is also a critical characteristic of plastic particles in terms of their impact: the size of a particle determines how deep into the human body it can penetrate. The smallest particles can reach the lungs, while larger particles stay in the upper airways. The size of plastic particles is also a decisive factor in terms of climate impacts: small particles can act as cloud condensation nuclei.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Some of the particles found in the glaciers have been surprisingly large. The researchers speculate that their aerodynamic shape may have allowed them to travel further than expected. This shows that in addition to the size, the shape and density of particle affect its ability to remain airborne.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"hr","data":{},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information about the projects","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The aim of ACINMUA project is to develop sampling and analytical methods to the airborne nano- and microplastics and to determine their concentrations in the atmosphere. The project is carried out in collaboration between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Finnish Environment Institute. Project duration: 1.9.2023–31.8.2027. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/acinmua-project"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Read more about the ACINMUA project.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The PlasticFinder project is developing a unique method for real-time detection of airborne nano- and microplastic particles in field conditions. The project is carried out in collaboration between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the University of Helsinki. Project duration: 1.9.2025–31.8.2029. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/plasticfinder"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Read more about the PlasticFinder project.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Text ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Jenni Korpela","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmanlaatu"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"39CBp6W600KyVo3Rk0f7br","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-10-06T13:01:02.840Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-06T13:01:02.840Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"The average temperature was high in September, especially in Lapland","leadParagraph":"The average temperature of September was the third warmest in the measurement history of Finland. Lapland’s September was record warm.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5bkrAHQzNDmMISqzabd0Uq","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-10-06T12:24:28.783Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-06T12:24:28.783Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Levi_syyskuu2025_TuijaVuorinen_1200pxEN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3Q01ehHgLncgVo3BFq0ppw","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-10-01T06:49:11.010Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-01T06:49:11.010Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Levi syyskuu2025 TuijaVuorinen 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3Q01ehHgLncgVo3BFq0ppw/391fe2fd71bf91ab01fb39780cbf14f7/Levi_syyskuu2025_TuijaVuorinen_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":213651,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Levi_syyskuu2025_TuijaVuorinen_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Tuija Vuorinen."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, across the country, the average temperature of September was the third warmest in measurement history. The average temperature was 11.9 degrees in September, which was some tenths of a degree lower than the record-high years of 2023 and 2024. Comparable data extends to the early 20th century.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Lapland’s September was record warm. In the Tähtelä measurement station in Sodankylä, the average temperature was 11.0 degrees in September, which means that September 2025 was the third consecutive record-warm September at the station. Climate change made the average temperature of September 2025 1.9 degrees higher and roughly 50 times more probable than if there were no climate change. The information is based on a peer-reviewed method by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the University of Helsinki.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The average temperature in September varied between approximately 15 degrees Celsius in the southern coast and approximately 10 degrees in Northern Lapland. The deviation from the comparison period 1991–2020 was generally 2–4 degrees, with the largest deviation in Central Lapland. The average temperature was exceptionally high in many places from the southern part of the country to North Ostrobothnia.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The highest temperature in September, 25.8 degrees Celsius, was recorded on the 8th of the month at the Kärkkä observation station in Salo. The lowest temperature for the month, -5.4 degrees, was recorded on the 30th of the month at the Konnunsuo observation station in Lappeenranta. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"There were four days when the temperature exceeded 25 degrees in September, which is an unusually large number.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"September saw the highest number of lightning strikes since 2002","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Precipitation levels were mostly normal or slightly higher than usual in September. The amount of precipitation was exceptionally high mainly in some areas of the southern parts of Central Finland and Northern Ostrobothnia. Some areas in the southern coast, near the eastern border and in the northern parts of Central Finland and North Savo had less precipitation than usually.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to preliminary data, the highest amount of precipitation, 136.7 mm, was recorded in Sarakylä, Pudasjärvi. The least precipitation was received at the observation station of Pulju in Kittilä, where the monthly rainfall was 30.4 mm. The greatest amount of precipitation in a single day, 52.1 mm, was recorded at the Jyväskylä Airport observation station on 8 September.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In September, there were 80‒200 hours of sunshine, which is normal or a slightly higher number than usual.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A total of 6,700 cloud-to-ground lighting strikes were observed in Finland, when their average number for September is 2,800. The last September with a higher number of lightning strikes was in 2002.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate statistics in Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Download observations","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7rkyOJa1PBAg0Bo4DcR0s6","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-17T11:45:57.993Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-17T11:45:57.993Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":28,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"puheenvuoro","title":"Wildfires in Spain and typhoons in the Philippines – the role of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in global crisis preparedness","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute participates in the international Aristotle network, which includes a group focused on hazardous weather. The service operates around the clock, and the reports it produces help the EU direct emergency aid to crisis areas.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5G6iJWW126ZCx4O6LBbo44","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-16T12:46:53.705Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-16T12:46:53.705Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Tulva Intia Shutterstock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4uPrEfQZzbja8OWuSsaXGT","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-08-25T07:34:54.939Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-30T10:41:45.047Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Intia tulva Shutterstock","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4uPrEfQZzbja8OWuSsaXGT/ee9ba44e58a67e390d6944a02030b437/verkkoon_shutterstock_1502136452_Alleppey_Kerala_India_floods_260818.jpg","details":{"size":450048,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"verkkoon_shutterstock_1502136452_Alleppey_Kerala_India_floods_260818.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Flooding in India. Photo: Shutterstock."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Aristotle is an expert network funded by the European Commission, designed to support the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/eu-civil-protection-mechanism_en"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"European Union Civil Protection Mechanism","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". The European Commission’s Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) manages the mechanism and is responsible for organizing assistance in various disasters, both within the EU and worldwide. The Coordination Centre operates as part of the civil protection service, with the primary aim of protecting people and property.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) participates in the Aristotle network together with its European sister meteorological institutes, focusing in particular on forecasting hazardous weather. Participating expert organizations take turns being responsible for their respective areas of expertise: for example, the French national meteorological service Météo-France and Portugal’s IPMA often act as wildfire leads, while Iceland frequently takes responsibility for monitoring volcanic eruptions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"FMI’s weather service is responsible for Aristotle reporting during its designated duty week, which occurs on average once a month.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Assessing combined impacts of natural phenomena at the core of operations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Aristotle network focuses on six main threats: hazardous weather, floods, wildfires, tsunamis, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. A distinctive feature of the system is the simultaneous consideration of natural disasters, allowing for better assessment of their possible combined impacts. For example, in a region that has experienced an earthquake, rescue operations may at the same time be hampered by a heatwave or heavy rainfall.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In a region that has experienced an earthquake, rescue operations may at the same time be hampered by a heatwave or heavy rainfall.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The vulnerability and resilience of affected countries to hazardous natural phenomena are key themes when experts assess possible impacts and resulting damage. Preparing the reports therefore requires not only modeling and analyzing weather and natural events, but also an understanding of regional contexts. A country’s resilience can often be influenced by previous weather conditions – for instance, when several tropical cyclones pass over the same area, such as northern Philippines, within a short period of time.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To prepare the reports, experts on different phenomena hold video conferences, where they jointly consider possible parallel impacts for each target area and produce a unified situation assessment. In particular, the flood group and the hazardous weather group work in close communication with one another.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Aristotle reports serve as a trigger for emergency assistance","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Aristotle service operates with two main models. Urgent reporting is activated when a significant natural event, such as a tropical cyclone, requires rapid analysis. In such cases, a rapid report is delivered to the Emergency Response Coordination Centre within three hours of the alert, at any time of day.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Routine monitoring, in turn, produces situation reports three working days a week. These reports include all phenomena that have the potential to escalate to a level where affected countries may request external humanitarian assistance to cope with the disaster. Usually, the target countries’ resilience to natural hazards is low or temporarily weakened for some reason, but in some cases large-scale wildfires in Southern Europe or Canada have also required activation of support mechanisms. Sweden, for example, received assistance through the Civil Protection Mechanism to combat its devastating wildfires in 2018.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An ERCC duty officer gathers information on natural hazards threatening lives and property using reports from Aristotle as a source, and informs the Commission when necessary. The Commission then contacts local offices, technical experts, and the EU delegation in the affected countries. This chain of command may ultimately lead to the activation of the support mechanism. Finland also participates in delivering assistance when needed, and can, for example, send firefighting equipment to the affected area.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Since 2017, Aristotle has produced around 200 rapid reports and about 600 monitoring reports. Today, EU member states themselves can also request an urgent report from Aristotle via the ERCC to improve preparedness for natural disasters.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1kZs40nDrZ99F1LsAOg9xI","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-16T12:51:20.494Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-16T12:51:20.494Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Päivystys Aristotle ","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"21Qibefg9RZ3O4YVwlwhdD","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-09-11T10:12:48.285Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-11T10:12:48.285Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Aristotle päivystys ","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/21Qibefg9RZ3O4YVwlwhdD/90e8353919027286cbc5733c06447d4a/aristotle_FINAL.jpg","details":{"size":153939,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"aristotle_FINAL.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"At the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s weather service, rainfall in regions such as Nepal and the Himalayas is monitored as part of Aristotle activities."}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"LUOVA provides information to national authorities","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute also monitors natural disasters and extreme weather phenomena in Finland – this information is shared with other authorities via the LUOVA system. Duty meteorologists track storms, thunderstorms, floods, snowfalls, wildfires, and sea level variations in Finland. Globally, the LUOVA system also monitors volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tropical cyclones, and tsunamis. In addition, the system covers space weather – solar storms that, at their worst, can cause serious disruptions in communication and navigation systems.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"LUOVA warnings are also produced in collaboration: the Finnish Meteorological Institute is responsible within LUOVA for weather phenomena and sea level warnings, the University of Helsinki’s Institute of Seismology provides information on earthquakes, and the Finnish Environment Institute is responsible for warnings related to river and lake floods.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Through LUOVA, authorities receive as accurate and timely information and impact assessments as possible regarding disruptive events that may threaten public safety or the functioning of critical infrastructure. Based on this information, authorities can optimize their preparedness and issue warnings to the public.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The operating principle has much in common with the Aristotle network, and both operate from the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s weather service around the clock, every day of the year.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Henri Nyman and Petteri Pyykkö","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"The authors are meteorologists at the Finnish Meteorological Institute, who also serve as Aristotle duty officers.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Read more:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://erccportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"European Commission Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/article/5A1UthAuTZmxbHYrM9MbAQ"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"The safety authority is on duty while others sleep ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"(article) ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Turvallisuus","Kansainvälisyys"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7aLTtafvgCsG1Wsx1JTwcg","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-16T10:17:13.214Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-16T10:17:13.214Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":35,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"World Ozone Day 16 September: The ozone layer continues to recover ","leadParagraph":" The Vienna Convention, signed forty years ago, is a successful example of how international scientific cooperation can lead to concrete action for the benefit of the planet: the amount of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere has decreased, and the ozone layer is recovering. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5vwLAbe3eawwRp4Hgi50J7","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-16T09:20:06.579Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-16T09:20:06.579Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pilvi otsoni Rigel Kivi","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"64X3XqOgEO7QVjK6hF7MH8","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-06-23T15:08:08.520Z","updatedAt":"2021-06-23T15:08:08.520Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"pilvi otsoni Rigel Kivi","description":"pilvi otsoni Rigel Kivi","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/64X3XqOgEO7QVjK6hF7MH8/6847fa1f0ec747785293e1c549004ab8/Sodankyla_PSCs_RigelKivi_www.jpg","details":{"size":672644,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Sodankyla_PSCs_RigelKivi_www.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Rigel Kivi."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Forty years ago, nations came together under the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer and agreed to take appropriate measures to stop using ozone-destroying substances.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"They succeeded – the use of substances that destroy the ozone layer was limited in the Montreal Protocol in 1987. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://wmo.int/sites/default/files/2023-03/Scientific-Assessment-of-Ozone-Depletion-2022-Executive-Summary.pdf"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The latest WMO report","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" confirms the success of the Montreal protocol: ozone-destroying substances (ODS) are declining in the atmosphere, and the signs of ozone recovery are observed. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"The ozone hole in 2024 was smaller than previous years. However, ozone recovery is a long process; thus, continuous ozone monitoring is needed. Climate change increases variability and extreme events, which complicate further the detection of long-term ozone changes\", says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kaisa Lakkala","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Research Scientist at Finnish Meteorological Institute. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"This year's World Ozone Day theme is \"From Science to Global Action.\" It encourages researchers worldwide to turn their findings into action, as was done with the Vienna Convention to protect the ozone layer. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute measures ozone in Helsinki, Jokioinen and Sodankylä  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The state of the ozone layer and the success of the Montreal Protocol are closely monitored worldwide. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute conducts ozone measurements in Helsinki, Jokioinen and Sodankylä. Ozone soundings and spectroradiometer measurements have been conducted in Finland since late 1980’s\", says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Rigel Kivi","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Senior Scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The measurements monitor both short-term and multi-year ozone developments. The profile and total column measurements show significantly low ozone values during the years of severe polar spring-time ozone loss of the 90’s and e.g. in 2011 and 2020. Then, the northern polar vortex has been particularly cold and therefore the conditions in the upper atmosphere have been conducive to ozone depletion. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute actively participates in the European Space Agency's ESA Ozone Climate Change Initiative and the EU's Copernicus Climate Change project by creating long-term datasets of ozone profiles and assessing ozone development. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Solar UV radiation is monitored in Finland and globally ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The ozone layer protects the Earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which is why the implementation of the Montreal Protocol is also monitored through UV radiation measurements. Finnish Meteorological Institute measures UV index at seven measurement stations around Finland. The Finnish Meteorological Institute also monitors the development of the ozone situation in Antarctica as part of an Argentinian Finnish collaboration at the Marambio research station, where UV radiation and ozone are measured, among other atmospheric composition parameters. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute develops and processes several satellite-based surface UV products as part of ESA, EUMETSAT and EU activities. The most recent Metop-SGA1 satellite, launched in August 2025, has onboard the Sentinel 5 instrument, which data will be used to produce global surface UV radiation information for general public and research purposes. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"This year, the writing process for the next UN and WMO Ozone Assessment, which is published every four years, began. This assessment compiles the main achievements and observations of global ozone research to adequately track and communicate the state of the atmosphere and the success of the Montreal Protocol. FMI’s researchers contribute actively to the assessment as writers and reviewers. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information: ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Senior Research Scientist Rigel Kivi, Finnish meteorological institute, rigel.kivi@fmi.fi,  tel. 040 542 4543 ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research Scientist Kaisa Lakkala, Finnish meteorological institute, kaisa.lakkala@fmi.fi, tel. 040 747 6792 ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Senior Research Scientist Viktoria Sofieva, Finnish meteorological Institute, viktoria.sofieva@fmi.fi, tel. 050 380 3413 ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://ozone.unep.org/ozone-and-you"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Information about the ozone layer (UNEP)","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://climate.esa.int/en/projects/ozone/about/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Ozone (European Space Agency)","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://sampo.fmi.fi/products"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"FMI's SAMPO satellite measurements / ozone and UV in polar regions","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3TDkFKonYtYUgnMPzCwwIV","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-03T12:01:10.092Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-03T12:01:10.092Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":15,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"August warmer than usual in Lapland, summer as a whole marked by a record heatwave and varying weather ","leadParagraph":"In July-August, Finland saw a record-breaking heatwave with temperatures reaching 30 degrees Celsius every day. Even so, the number of days when temperatures exceeded 25 degrees was below average this summer. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4MMMNrtcFJQgZLf0nvswnp","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-03T11:44:43.552Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-03T11:44:43.552Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Elokuu pelto Heli Sariola 1200px EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"Ujz6MM87OxhXwWxC6YPA9","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-09-01T09:23:24.028Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-01T09:23:24.028Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"elokuu 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/Ujz6MM87OxhXwWxC6YPA9/a5aabe5a764c73670a62f08236c9bf36/elokuu_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":122235,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"elokuu_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Heli Sariola."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s statistics, the average temperature in August varied between 12 and 17 degrees at most observation stations in Finland. In Lapland, August was warmer than usual, but in other parts of the country, the average temperature for the month was normal or lower than normal.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In August, there were eight days when temperatures exceeded 25 Celsius, which is one day less than average. In the southern and western parts of the country, there were 1 to 2 days less than usual with temperatures exceeding 25 degrees per observation station, while in Lapland, there were 2–4 more days with temperatures exceeding 25 degrees than usual. This was exceptionally high in some places. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature of the month, 31.1 degrees, was measured in the Rovaniemi train station on 1 August. The lowest temperature, –3.6 degrees, was recorded at the Tulppio observation station in Savukoski, on 31 August.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Less precipitation in the east than usual, unusually abundant precipitation in places in Lapland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In many places in the eastern part of the country, precipitation levels were lower than usual in August. Rainfall on the western coast and in Lapland was more abundant than usual in places, its levels were even unusually or exceptionally high in Northern Lapland. According to preliminary results, the Saariselkä travel centre observation station recorded the most precipitation for the month with a result of 142.6 mm. The lowest amount of precipitation was 27.8 mm, which was recorded at the Kestilä observation station in Siikalatva. The highest daily rainfall, 43.9 mm, was recorded at the Lampela observation station in Lieksa on 10 August.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The number of thunderstorms was normal in August. Approximately 24,600 cloud-to-ground lightning discharges were observed in Finland, while the average is 24,300.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The number of hours of sunshine nation-wide was usual or higher than usual: the amount of sunshine was chiefly ranged from 180 to 270 hours. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Average summer temperature close to normal, weather types varied","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The entire summer (June–August) was warmer than usual in Lapland: the summer’s average temperature was 0.8–1.2 degrees higher than usual. Elsewhere in Finland, this summer’s average temperature was 0–1 degrees higher than normal. The average summer temperature for the whole of Finland was 14.9 degrees Celsius.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This summer’s highest temperature was 32.6 degrees, which was recorded at the Oulu airport on 31 July. The lowest temperature, –3.6 degrees, was measured at Tulppio in Savukoski, on 31 August.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From May to August, there were 33 days with temperatures exceeding 25 degrees in some parts of Finland, while the long-term average for the period is 36 days. This is the lowest number of days in May-August with temperatures exceeding 25 degrees since 2017, when there were only 19 such days. This year, there were no days in May when temperatures exceeded 25 degrees, and there were only two in June.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"However, many observation stations, especially in the central and northern parts of the country, recorded more days with temperatures exceeding 25 degrees than normal, and in many places they recorded an unusual or exceptional amount: for example, a total of 25 days with temperatures exceeding 25 degrees were recorded in Tähtelä, Sodankylä, which is a new record in statistics starting from 1961. The previous record, 24 days, was from 2014. On the other hand, a 26-day heatwave with daily temperatures over 25 degrees was recorded at Lake Meltosjärvi in Ylitornio, which is a new record in Lapland; the previous observation station-specific record for heatwaves was 14 days in 1972.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"During a heatwave which began on 11 July and lasted for 22 days, the highest temperature of the day in Finland was over 30 degrees each day; this was the longest heatwave with temperatures exceeding 30 degrees in Finland’s measurement history. According to an international study published in August, the heatwave in July was about ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/intense-two-week-heatwave-in-fennoscandia-hotter-andmore-likely-due-to-climate-change/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"two degrees hotter due to climate change","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" and at least ten times more likely than without human-caused global warming.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finland’s summer was characterised by varying weather types: in June, temperatures were normal or lower than usual. July also began with mostly chilly temperatures and heavy rainfall owing to low-pressure systems. After the long heatwave, the weather at the end of August varied again between warmer than usual and chillier than usual. With the exception of the long heatwave, the summer was at times chillier than average, and especially in the south, the number of summer days, meaning days when the highest temperature rises to at least 20 degrees, was well below normal in places.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Summer saw lower lighting activity than usual","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finland’s summer, meaning June–August, was rainy in the coastal areas of the country and in the areas of Inari and Enontekiö. Precipitation levels during the summer were lower than usual in the eastern and central parts of the country and in Southern and Central Lapland. According to preliminary data, the highest amount of precipitation was recorded in Pirttikoski, Hämeenlinna, totalling 312.9 mm. The Nuorgam station in Utsjoki recorded the lowest amount of rainfall over the summer with a result of 117.9 mm.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There were fewer thunderstorms than on average. By the end of August, approximately 75,000 cloud-to-ground lightning discharges were observed, while the average for a normal period is about 113,000 cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. In May-June, lightning activity was very low, while in July-August lightning activity was closer to the average. The largest number of cloud-to-ground lightning discharges were detected in Lapland. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the summer, the amount of sunshine was mainly at the norm in the southern and central parts of the country, and slightly above normal in the north.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate statistics in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Tilasto","Ilmasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4aTwAE6mZzD84OfoYC9Yza","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-02T13:29:17.730Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-02T13:29:17.730Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":21,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"New wave buoys in the Baltic Sea","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute now gets observations from eight wave buoys instead of the former five buoys.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2GeNS57F8QQ7eZuE1aJwN6","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-02T12:58:35.243Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-02T12:58:35.243Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Poiju Suomenlinna AnttiKangas 1200x675px_EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3lgbnx3NBVXmx8pmvAJzhy","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-09-01T09:55:11.549Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-01T09:55:11.549Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Poiju Suomenlinna AnttiKangas 1200x675px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3lgbnx3NBVXmx8pmvAJzhy/d4213f9b6d584a382ad2000ad5174d31/Poiju_Suomenlinna_AnttiKangas_AI_1200x675px.jpg","details":{"size":87832,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Poiju_Suomenlinna_AnttiKangas_AI_1200x675px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Antti Kangas","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Our wave observation network has expanded and there is now also wave information available from Kemi, Utö and Orrengrund. During the summer, new wave buoys were installed in the Kemi sea area near the Kemi 2 radar mark and Nukkujanmatala and in Loviisa near the island of Orrengrund. Also, the previously installed Utö's wave buoy make the wave measurement network more complete. The buoy is located south of the island of Utö in Parainen, near the islands of Svartbådarna.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The buoys measure the wave height, direction and period, as well as the sea water temperature. The significant wave height and the highest waves are calculated from observations. Since the waves is composed of waves of very different heights, significant wave height is the most practical way to describe the height of the entire wave. The highest single wave is usually nearly twice the significant wave height.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"All wave buoys measure seawater temperature too. The Finnish Meteorological Institute also has buoys that measure seawater temperature only.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The wave buoys are","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"ordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kemi","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Bay of Bothnia","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Bothnian Sea","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Northern Baltic Sea","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Parainen Utö Svartbådarna","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Helsinki Suomenlinna","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Gulf of Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Loviisa Orrengrund","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Winter break","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The buoys cannot withstand ice, so they are picked up from the sea before the ice comes and returned after the ice has left. That´s why there are no data available from all buoys during the winter and, for example, the highest waves of winter storms may have remained unmeasured.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"For safe and seamless shipping ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Wave data is significant especially for shipping and boaters. For pilot’s work, the wave height is very important. It is also important for boaters to check the wave forecast and plan the boat trip according to that. From the buoy observations one can see the present wave height in different parts of the Baltic Sea. The buoy observations are also an essential part of the development of wave forecasts. The more observations, the better forecasting model can be done. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6IwzKpFlSBGjUkRVG8CKjt","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-09-02T13:07:04.222Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-02T13:07:04.222Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Orrengrund19052025_TuomoRoine 1200px_EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3RvWFrBNWJfDyN3xBeEnDH","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-09-01T10:13:22.396Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-01T10:13:22.396Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Orrengrund19052025_TuomoRoine 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3RvWFrBNWJfDyN3xBeEnDH/d4904214ff76cd2e844d9a235c882bd6/Orre_19052025_TuomoRoine_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":159941,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Orre_19052025_TuomoRoine_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Arctia Meritaito’s Martti Penttinen installing the Orrengrund wave buoy to the sea in Loviisa on 19 May 2025. Photo: Tuomo Roine.","language":"EN"}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The latest buoys in Kemi and Orrengrund have been purchased and installed in cooperation with the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency. The authorities cooperate in many ways to ensure seamless and safe shipping in Finnish sea areas.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Where are the buoy observations found?","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Wave observations are calculated from a 30-minute measurement period, so a new observation is obtained every half-hour. The observations of the last days are shown in the graphs on the Finnish Meteorological Institute's webpage ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"/wave-height"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/wave-height","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":". The graphs also have a wave height forecast for the same point. The same page also shows all the latest observations from the buoys, including the highest single wave and sea temperature.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The similar graphs can be seen on the ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"/marine-weather-and-baltic-sea"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Marine Weather","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":". The observation history for a longer time period can be found in the Open data and the ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"/download-observations"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Download observations","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" -services on a table or in a machine-readable format.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Meri","Liikenne","Turvallisuus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6utIrK7JWC21eMkafERlbr","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-08-18T06:49:44.095Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-18T06:49:44.095Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":15,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Daily forecasts of fire smoke can now be accessed online","leadParagraph":"Daily forecasts of fire smoke dispersion are now available for the European and Eurasian regions. The new forecast is based on satellite observations, emission calculations, and atmospheric modelling, and makes it possible to predict smoke impacts even thousands of kilometres from the fires.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6lXbvqYCDsnvCTZ5iOR32Q","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-08-18T06:36:43.629Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-18T06:36:43.629Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Maastopalo ilmasta Shutterstock 1200x675 low-res EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4vVkuujxYK4YtbZQbPkCZO","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-08-18T06:28:11.786Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-18T06:28:11.786Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Maastopalo ilmasta Shutterstock 1200x675 low-res","description":"metsäpalo, maastopalo, savu, shutterstock 1074014492","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4vVkuujxYK4YtbZQbPkCZO/4b05cb12184566461117ee02dc85a1d9/shutterstock_1074014492_IL_web_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":256500,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"shutterstock_1074014492_IL web 1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Shutterstock.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Europe is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of the world and is already experiencing its third heat wave this year. Heatwaves increase the risk of wildfires, and keeping them under control requires ever more resources. However, smoke can travel far from the burning areas and degrade air quality over wide regions. There is evidence that fire smoke is more toxic than many other pollutants, including urban smoke. Nevertheless, there has not been a dedicated operational service for monitoring and forecasting fire smoke.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"This need is addressed by the new fire smoke forecast, freely available at ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://vfsp-wase.fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://vfsp-wase.fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The forecast has been developed as part of the Atmosphere and Climate Competence Centre (ACCC) proof-of-concept project ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Vegetation Fires and Smoke Pollution Warning and Advisory System for Europe","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" (VFSP-WASE). It is based on the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s IS4FIRES fire information system and the SILAM atmospheric composition model.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“We have been working on fire and fire smoke information for more than a decade,” says Research Professor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mikhail Sofiev","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", coordinator of the VFSP-WASE. “It took time to prepare all the elements of the system: collecting fire information from global satellite observations, converting the fire data into smoke emissions, and finally predicting the smoke dispersion at global and European scales.”","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Extending coverage to predict smoke across Eurasia","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“Due to a lack of local information on Siberian fires and their importance for Europe, the newly released forecast also covers Eurasia. This allows us to predict situations when smoke from Siberia or Central Russia affects Europe. In cooperation with European partners, we are planning extensions of the system functionality and the information available there,” Mikhail Sofiev adds.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The VFSP-WASE follows the guidelines of the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Global Atmospheric Watch programme. The global VFSP-WAS network consists of regional centres, and VFSP-WASE is preparing to become the European centre, alongside the already operational centres in North America and Singapore.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research Professor Mikhail Sofiev, Finnish Meteorological Institute","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Email address follow the format ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:firstname.lastname@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"firstname.lastname@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://vfsp-wase.fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"VFSP-WASE website","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://silam.fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"SILAM atmospheric composition model forecasts","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://community.wmo.int/en/activity-areas/gaw/science/modelling-applications/vfsp-was"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"WMO VFSP-WAS programme","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.acccflagship.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center (ACCC)","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmanlaatu","Turvallisuus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2zYslKzCTcVsuQ7DQeoPf","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-08-11T08:08:29.881Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-11T08:26:57.939Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":21,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Decline in China’s aerosol emissions has accelerated global warming","leadParagraph":"An international study shows that the sharp decline in China’s aerosol emissions is the main reason for the acceleration of global warming since 2010. Aerosol emissions have previously cooled the climate – now their reduction has made the warming effect of greenhouse gases more apparent.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7AcXnmGocjK8SeAVDxUZcv","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2021-07-23T13:57:42.972Z","updatedAt":"2021-07-23T13:57:42.972Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Guangzhou Adobe Stock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2H7we35tdB17AgnoeAXAlX","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-06-24T10:16:17.612Z","updatedAt":"2021-06-24T10:16:17.612Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"AdobeStock 435055608 Guangzhou 1200x675px","description":"China, Kiina, kaupunki, city, maisema","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2H7we35tdB17AgnoeAXAlX/0664018416299c71553d7858b3451929/AdobeStock_435055608_Guangzhou_1200x675px.jpg","details":{"size":192903,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_435055608_Guangzhou_1200x675px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to the results, the reduction in China’s aerosol emissions has increased the global mean surface temperature by about 0.07 °C from 2010 to 2023 – that is about 0.05 °C per decade. Between 2010 and 2023, warming independent of natural climate variability has been about 0.06 °C per decade faster than before, and the reduction in China’s aerosol emissions explains most of this acceleration.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study was published in July ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02527-3"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"in Communications Earth & Environment","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":". Eight different climate models and a total of 160 simulations were used. The Finnish Meteorological Institute contributed by producing comprehensive simulations with the EC-Earth3 climate model.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“The reduction in China’s sulfur emissions does not in itself warm the climate but removes their temporary cooling effect, which has previously masked the long-term warming effect of greenhouse gases,” says Senior Researcher ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Joonas Merikanto","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“In part, our study is good news regarding climate warming, as it reduces concerns about the climate being more sensitive to greenhouse gases than assumed. On the other hand, future global reductions in aerosol emissions may still cause significant warming,” Merikanto continues.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Warming effect is visible across the entire Northern Hemisphere","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study shows that the impact of reduced aerosol emissions in China is not limited to East Asia, but extends across the entire Northern Hemisphere. The climate has warmed at an accelerating pace since 2010, and recent years have been the warmest in the measurement record.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Previous studies have estimated that reductions in sulfur emissions from international shipping can also contribute to warming. However, these only began in 2020 and cannot alone explain the observed acceleration.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to the World Health Organization, outdoor particulate matter causes more than four million premature deaths annually. Improving air quality is therefore extremely important for health, but at the same time, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced urgently to mitigate climate change.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study is part of the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s long-term international cooperation on research into the climate effects of aerosols and part of ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.acccflagship.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"the ACCC flagship","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" (","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center)","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Senior Researcher Joonas Merikanto, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 40 566 8512, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto: joonas.merikanto@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"joonas.merikanto@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The scientific article is openly available ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02527-3"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"in Communications Earth & Environment","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmasto","Ilmanlaatu"],"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3UkSBIbvStPq0VeuxpVG2D","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-08-06T11:52:32.123Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-06T11:52:32.123Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":20,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"July started cooler than usual, but ended with a sweltering heatwave ","leadParagraph":"A record-breaking heatwave with temperatures above 30°C ended July, which was exceptionally warm in some places in Finland. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1nPJV3P8rZHDgtsuBeCmyx","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-08-06T11:44:51.910Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-06T11:44:51.910Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Lapset meri kesä Antti Kangas EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4W1fIfauZOtgWJtwedyNH5","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-08-09T09:11:31.130Z","updatedAt":"2024-08-09T09:11:31.130Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kesä meri Kuva: Antti Kangas","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4W1fIfauZOtgWJtwedyNH5/b997f8f7eb8c25be483c03665698fc10/Kes__lapset_rannalla_AnttiKangas.jpg","details":{"size":152779,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Kesä_lapset rannalla_AnttiKangas.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Antti Kangas."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, July was unusually warm in many places throughout the country, and exceptionally warm in some places in the central part of the country. The average monthly temperature in the northern part of the country was between 14°C and 19°C, while in other parts of the country, the average temperature was between 18°C and 21°C. The deviation of the average temperature from the usual was widely between 2 and 3 degrees, while it was between 1 and 2 degrees around Inari and Utsjoki.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in July was 32.6°C, which was recorded at Oulu Airport on 31 July. The lowest temperature in July was -1.3°C, recorded in the village centre of Salla on 6 July.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The first half of the month was slightly cooler for the time of the year than usual but on 11 July, a heatwave began that continued until the end of the month. Temperatures exceeding 25°C were recorded at the Meltosjärvi observation station in Ylitornio throughout this period, and the 21-day heatwave at the observation station is the longest in Lapland from 1961 onwards. A large proportion of observation stations in the southern and central parts of the country recorded a 20-day heatwave starting from 12 July. All in all, there were 23 hot days in July, i.e. days when the highest temperature of the day exceeded 25°C somewhere in Finland. This is seven days more than the July average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In addition, on each day from 12 July onwards, the highest temperature in the whole country was over 30°C. Consequently, a total of 20 days with temperatures above 30°C were seen in July. From 1961 onwards, this is the longest period with temperatures above 30°C in Finland; the previous record for hot weather above 30°C in the measurement history was a 13-day heatwave in 1972. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As climate change progresses, periods of exceptionally sweltering heat will strengthen. They will be more frequent, harsher and will last longer. Heat warnings and preparedness for hot weather are aimed at reducing the harmful health effects especially among the older population and other groups vulnerable to hot weather\", says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Heikki Tuomenvirta","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Head of Group at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation levels in July varied greatly ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There was a great deal of variation in the precipitation levels in July: in the southern and western parts of the country, precipitation levels were usual or higher than usual. On the other hand, rainfall in the strip extending from Pirkanmaa to Kainuu was lower than usual, even unusually or exceptionally low in some places. There was also a great deal of regional variation in Lapland: in many places, the average precipitation levels were not reached, while precipitation around Inari was higher than usual.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The most precipitation during the month, 129.2 mm, was measured at the Kontiojärvi observation station at Raja-Jooseppi in Inari. The least precipitation, 12.5 mm, was recorded in Kaakkuri, Tornio. The greatest amount of precipitation observed in a single day was 62 mm, measured in Laukansaari, Savonlinna, on 8 July.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Storm Ulla, which arrived in Finland on 3 July, was an unusually strong summer storm that brought us strong winds and rainfall. The storm lasted long: there were gusty winds for up to 6–12 hours in a large part of the country. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More sunshine than usual","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"July was sunnier than usual in nearly all of the country. In the whole country, approximately 280–420 hours of sunshine were recorded at observation stations.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Approximately 48,200 cloud-to-ground lightnings were observed in July, which was slightly below the average for the period 1991–2020 (54,300). Most of the days with thunderstorms in July occurred in Lapland, except for the last few days of the month. So far, the number of lightning strikes for the entire year is only slightly higher than the number of lightning strikes for July; very few thunderstorms were recorded in May/June because of the fairly cool weather. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate statistics in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5VAw0kt7A5pURbkRukSZZw","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-07-18T07:41:14.378Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-18T07:41:14.378Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":28,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Scientists reconstructed the lost Mars lander’s final moments – new information on the wind conditions","leadParagraph":"Researchers at the Finnish Meteorological Institute, in collaboration with international colleagues, have taken a new look at the descent and landing of the Beagle 2 lander. As a result, new information on the wind conditions and atmospheric circulation on Mars was gathered. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6wO9WRgdWHQO2fEBHk7Fc8","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-07-18T07:11:57.688Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-18T07:32:47.043Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":3,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Beagle2_ESA_Denman_Productions","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6Npr1n74R8u1urLaK4mG8g","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-07-18T07:10:17.732Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-18T07:10:17.732Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Beagle2_ESA_Denman_Productions","description":"Beagle 2 -laskeutuja Marsin pinnalla.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6Npr1n74R8u1urLaK4mG8g/471e33158452ffc5841d5e0a7042a9a9/Artist_s_impression_of_Beagle_2_lander-esa-denman-productions-pieni.jpg","details":{"size":98303,"image":{"width":1000,"height":562}},"fileName":"Artist_s_impression_of_Beagle_2_lander-esa-denman-productions-pieni.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Beagle 2 lander on Mars.","plainTextImageCaption":"Beagle 2 lander. Photo: ESA / Denman Productions"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Beagle 2 lander was part of ESA’s Mars Express mission in 2003. After being released from its carrier spacecraft, Beagle 2 was lost – likely due to a landing failure. Roughly a decade later, high-resolution images taken from orbit revealed Beagle 2 on the Martian surface.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Around the lander, its jettisoned parachutes and heat shield can be seen scattered on the surface. By reconstructing the descent paths of these components, scientists inferred the wind conditions present at the time of landing. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103525002763"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The results","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" suggest that the winds did not play a major role in the failure but do provide new insight into the atmospheric circulation on Mars. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Just like on Earth, circulation patterns on Mars influence how heat, moisture, and other atmospheric components are distributed. Data from NASA’s Curiosity and Perseverance rovers – including humidity and pressure measurements provided by the Finnish Meteorological Institute – have contributed to our understanding. Since direct wind measurements on Mars are rare and technically demanding, researchers use alternative methods, such as visual tracking of dust devils, clouds – and in this case, a failed lander’s descent. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"These findings support ongoing Mars observations and help improve atmospheric models used in future missions. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Scientist Mark Paton, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 430 2984, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:mark.paton@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"mark.paton@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reference: M.D. Paton, P.M. Grindrod, T. Bertrand, J.M. Davis, A.-M. Harri, H. Savijärvi, and C. Segonne (2025). ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116728 "},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Inferred wind and surface conditions during the descent and landing of Beagle 2 on Mars","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Icarus, 441, 116728. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Avaruus","Tutkimus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4sIIPtuU6uBVJhiwFVmEb6","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-07-08T08:10:21.781Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-08T08:10:21.781Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Up-to-date marine weather information and observations to improve maritime safety","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute produces a wide range of information for the needs of waterways in accordance with the agreement between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency. There is abundant use for up-to-date information both inside and outside the agency.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4SgD1FAbGK6jQvFkghmI1T","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-07-08T08:09:22.567Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-08T08:09:22.567Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"The Finnish Border Guard, Antti Kangas, low-res","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6wyiQtfRKUjyrDGC6MHtHZ","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-07-08T08:09:07.305Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-08T08:09:07.305Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"The Finnish Border Guard, Antti Kangas, low-res","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6wyiQtfRKUjyrDGC6MHtHZ/4894c003a7a7cf03658380288d46fa6a/Rajavartiolaitos_low-res.jpg","details":{"size":97025,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Rajavartiolaitos low-res.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"A Border Guard boat at sea","plainTextImageCaption":"Picture: Antti Kangas","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The various maintenance and repair task included in waterway maintenance must be performed in a safe manner. For example, the service of safety equipment often requires a boat trip to the destination, climbing to lighting equipment and working at heights. External conditions and weather vary even more easily on waters than on land. Before setting off for maintenance and repair work, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency’s experts view wind observations, wind forecasts, gust probability, wave height, wave direction, freezing forecasts and water level. Employees only set off to carry out the work if conditions are assessed to be safe enough.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The Finnish Meteorological Institute produces important and up-to-date data. These data are used by the institute’s own experts as well as by waterway maintenance and hydrographic surveying contractors and consultants. The open and free WFS interface offers observations from seven wave buoys, hourly water level observations, and wind and weather observations. Without comprehensive observations and forecasts, unnecessary trips would be made at times when the wind or waves would prevent landing or working at the site. For this reason, up-to-date information improves safety and promotes the efficient use of resources,” says","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" Elisa Mikkolainen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Director of the Waterways Department at the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Open data also benefits all people out at sea, from private boaters to maritime authorities and its stakeholders, such as pilots, tugboats, and icebreakers. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The Baltic Sea weather and sea services, observations and research are a key part of the operations of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It is great to see that the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, professional seafarers, and boaters are highly aware of the conditions and understand the importance of weather and sea information. Understanding and anticipation of maritime conditions and their smooth operation even in challenging situations is also a competitive advantage for Finland,” says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Juhana Hyrkkänen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Division Director at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It is important to publish maritime weather observations and forecasts in Finnish, Swedish, and English. In the current situation, risks related to shipping have increased in the Baltic Sea due to GNSS disruptions, the unreliability of the AIS and the movements of the shadow fleet. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Especially in this situation, it is imperative that ships have a clear picture of the prevailing weather conditions. In addition, we have linked the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s real-time weather data to the Digital Fairway Card service developed and maintained by the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency. The service communicates information on the risks posed by weather conditions to those travelling on merchant shipping routes,” says Mikkolainen.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute and Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency engage in cooperation with Swedish authorities","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency work in close operational cooperation in winter navigation. The Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency coordinates icebreaking services together with the Swedish Maritime Administration (","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Sjöfartsverket","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"). The Finnish Meteorological Institute coordinates weather and ice services with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"SMHI","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"). Together, they produce a large amount of data for the use of icebreaking. This way, we have access to the daily ice charts for both the Baltic Sea area and inland waters, developing ice forecasts for Finland’s sea areas, and the status of ice thickness. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Cooperation between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and SMHI in Sweden has reached a completely new level over the past decade. For example, the organisations take turns drawing up ice charts for the Baltic Sea. The benefits of this cooperation include cost savings, information exchange between different countries and production reliability,” Hyrkkänen explains.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency retrieves the data from the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s server and updates it to the operational IBNet. The Finnish and Swedish authorities use the network for the coordination of icebreaking, especially in the Bothnian Sea and the Bay of Bothnia, and for obtaining weather and ice information. The information obtained is used by icebreaking service providers, maritime vessel traffic services, the border guard and pilotage. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“In terms of maritime safety, up-to-date weather and ice information contributes to the formation of a maritime situational picture and promotes maritime safety,” Mikkolainen explains.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency receives up-to-date weather and ice information from the Finnish Meteorological Institute","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency is responsible for setting icebreaking assistance restrictions in Finnish ports. Assistance restrictions are conditions or restrictions on the basis of which vessels are provided icebreaking assistance. The timely setting of assistance restrictions and their calculation requires a good understanding of the development of the ice situation. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Anticipated information on future assistance restrictions will serve business life, charterers, and shipping companies in the planning of maritime transport. As the ice situation changes rapidly due to the prevailing winds and the movement of the ice field, the assistance service may have to be interrupted for safety-related reasons. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The briefing service by the on-duty meteorologist and ice officer is exceptionally valuable in particular in these situations. During the icebreaking season, it is fantastic that our winter navigation experts can contact the Finnish Meteorological Institute to get the latest estimates. Information-based decision-making ensures smooth traffic flow and minimises the likelihood of risk situations arising,” says Mikkolainen.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Abbreviations:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"WFS = Web Feature Service (this transmits data on geographic features)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"GNSS = Global Navigation Satellite System","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"AIS = Automatic Identification System (for identifying and locating vessels)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"IBNet = Ice Breaking Network","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Additional information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/open-data"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute's open data","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://dvk.vaylapilvi.fi/vaylakortti/index.html?lang=en"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Digital Fairway Card service (Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/marine-weather-and-baltic-sea"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Marine weather service (Finnish Meteorological Institute)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Contact information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute: Juhana Hyrkkänen, Division Director, tel. +358 29 539 3495","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency: Elisa Mikkolainen, Director, Waterways Department, tel. +358 29 534 3493","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Email addresses at the Finnish Meteorological Institute follow the format firstname.lastname@fmi.fi, and at the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency the format is firstname.lastname@vayla.fi.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Meri","Liikenne","Turvallisuus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"582uMgkXbgfRBRo9joFpoh","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-07-07T07:39:07.291Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-07T07:39:07.291Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"June saw exceptionally low amount of lightning, but high amount of precipitation in the southern part of the country","leadParagraph":"The average temperature in June was normal in Finland, but the number of hot days was lower than usual. Precipitation was higher than usual in the southern part of the country. The number of cloud-to-ground lightnings observed in June was the smallest June total in the lightning statistics history.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"28j7mUVy9VvIKpG7qyoizc","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-07-07T07:37:21.066Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-07T07:37:21.066Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Sadepisaroita lehdellä Adobe Stock EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"311Tef7yg6gUMNj6lKKFmb","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-07-01T08:54:41.234Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-01T08:54:41.234Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Sadepisaroita lehdellä AdobeStock","description":"kesä, sade, kasvi, AdobeStock 218594055","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/311Tef7yg6gUMNj6lKKFmb/87ebc6e8a046a448c99b7f9fb4c46bd0/AdobeStock_218594055.jpg","details":{"size":92180,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_218594055.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in June was normal, with average temperature in most parts of the country being 0 to 1 degrees below the long-term average. In the northern part of the country, the average temperature varied between 9°C and 12°C, in the southern and central parts of the country between approximately 12°C and less than 15°C. The average temperature for the whole country was 12.3 degrees, which is 0.7 degrees below the long-term average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There were two hot days in June. Since 1961, there have been fewer hot days in June in four years and the same number in two years. In addition, the number of days with the highest temperature of the day being at least 20 degrees Celsius was lower than usual at observation stations around the country, in many places unusually or even exceptionally low.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in June, 29.0 degrees, was measured at Jämsä Halli Lentoasemantie observation station, on 15 June. The month's lowest temperature, -3.2 degrees Celsius, was measured at Saana Kilpisjärvi, Enontekiö on 20 June.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation was higher than usual ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The precipitation levels for June were higher than usual in many places in the southern and central parts of the country, mainly in North Karelia rainfall remained below the long-term average. In the northern part of the country, precipitation varied on both sides of the long-term average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Especially in the area extending from Uusimaa to South Karelia, the amount of precipitation in June was unusually high, even exceptionally high in some places. From the long-term observation stations, a June precipitation record was made at Virolahti Koivuniemi observation station.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The location with the greatest amount of precipitation in June was Kotaniemi in Ruokolahti, which saw 188.4 millimetres of rain. The lowest amount of precipitation in June, 24.5 mm, was recorded at the Salla Kelloselkä observation station. The greatest amount of precipitation in a single day was 86.0 millimetres measured at Kotaniemi, Ruokolahti, on 18 June.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Number of sunshine hours lower than usual, amount of lightning record low ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The entire country saw a lower number of sunshine hours than usual, even exceptionally low numbers were recorded in some places. In general, the number of sunshine hours was approximately 150 to 290.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In June, 1,751 cloud-to-ground lightnings were observed, which is the smallest number of lightning strikes in June in the lightning statistics starting in the 1960s. The long-term average of cloud-to-ground lightnings in June is approximately 25,100.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For four days at the beginning of June, there was still snow at the Enontekiö Kilpisjärvi village centre observation station, at a maximum of 25 centimetres, but after that there was no snow at any of Finland’s observation stations.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Climate statistics in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Download observations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"11yaqvV5rbVkmOXfaSgKdS","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-07-03T21:38:45.737Z","updatedAt":"2025-07-03T21:38:45.737Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Very strong wind gusts may cause damage in southwestern Finland in the coming hours","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute has issued a public notification regarding the situation.","content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On Friday, 4th July at 00:30, the Finnish Meteorological Institute issued a public notification stating that very strong wind gusts will occur in the southwestern parts of the country during the next few hours, causing widespread wind damage in many areas.\n\nLoose objects should be secured before the wind strengthens. During the strong winds, it is advised to stay indoors. When outdoors, beware of falling trees and fallen power lines. Emergency number 112 should not be called for inquiries about power outages or fallen trees. It should only be called in urgent emergency situations where life, health, property, or the environment is at risk.\n\nMore information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/warnings"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Current warnings","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather forecasts from the on-duty meteorologist 24 hours a day at 0600 1 0600 (cost 3.90 €/min + local network charge)\n","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Turvallisuus","Ilmatieteen laitos"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5Qfq39H0XfpSdbO54m7oMe","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-06-05T09:58:11.089Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-05T09:58:11.089Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"The average temperature in May was below the long-term average – the entire spring was exceptionally warm on the southern coast","leadParagraph":"May was cooler than the average for the reference period, which broke a 12-month streak of warmer than average months. However, the entire spring from March-May was warmer than usual in almost the entire country.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1HP3bquvcWPamTfgcJxZH1","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-06-05T09:50:49.537Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-05T09:50:49.537Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pyöräilijä Shutterstock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5jhAjsU7vKkN2wIGmAdQWF","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-15T06:50:09.663Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-15T06:50:09.663Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Pyöräilijä Pispalassa keväällä 1200px kuva: Harry Hykko, Shutterstock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5jhAjsU7vKkN2wIGmAdQWF/4afbed08c6d897701c1287012659ccea/Py_r_ilij__Pispalassa_kev__ll__1200px.jpg","details":{"size":173007,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Pyöräilijä Pispalassa keväällä 1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Shutterstock."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in May varied from just over 9 degrees Celsius in the southern part of the country to just under 4 degrees Celsius in Northern Lapland. The average monthly temperature in Lapland was 0–1 degrees higher than average, while the deviation in other parts of the country was 0–1 degrees lower than average in general. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature for the whole country in May was 7.4 degrees Celsius, which is 0.3 degrees Celsius lower than the average for the 1991–2020 reference period. The last time Finland experienced a cooler May was in 2021. May 2025 was also the first month since April 2024 when the monthly average temperature remained below the average for the 1991–2020 reference period. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The month’s highest temperature, 23.0 degrees, was recorded on 25 May at the Pötsönvaara observation station in Ilomantsi. The month’s lowest temperature, –10.4 degrees, was recorded on 5 May at Enontekiö Airport. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation near typical levels, high snowfall in northern parts of the country early in the month","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation in May was mostly normal or slightly higher than usual. Precipitation was lower than normal mainly on the southern coast, in southern Lapland and in the Käsivarsi region of Lapland. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest precipitation in May, 81.0 millimetres, was recorded at Välikangas observation station in Kuusamo. The largest amount of precipitation in a single day, 41.1 millimetres, was recorded at Mehtäkylä observation station in Kalajoki on 2 May. The smallest amount of precipitation during the month was recorded at Kaaresuvanto observation station in Enontekiö, where precipitation was only 7.0 millimetres.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the beginning of the month, snow depth in Central and Northern Lapland was generally over 50 centimetres, and over 120 centimetres in Kilpisjärvi. On 3–5 May, snowfall in some parts of the area extending from Kainuu to the eastern part of Lapland was exceptionally high for the time period.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On the last day of the month, snow depth was 33 centimetres at Kilpisjärven Kyläkeskus observation station in Enontekiö, and this was the only place in Finland with snow cover.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A slow start to the thunderstorm season","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ground discharges of lightning numbered only 865 in May. This is clearly less than the average for 1991–2020: the average number of lightning strikes in May is 6,600. The last time there were less ground discharges of lightning was in 2020.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The number of sunshine hours was less than usual in May. The total number was approximately 160–240 hours, and approximately 280-300 hours on the western coast and in the Southwest Archipelago. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Spring was warmer than normal, even exceptionally warm on the southern coast","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute statistics showed that the average temperature for the entire spring, i.e. March-May, varied from just under 6 degrees Celsius in the southern part of the country to approximately –3 degrees in the Käsivarsi region of Lapland. The spring was warmer than usual in nearly all parts of the country, with only Northern Lapland remaining close to the normal average temperature. Spring was unusually warm in western Finland, and even exceptionally warm on the southern coast. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For example, the average spring temperature of 5.5 degrees in Russarö, Hanko was – along with spring 2016 – the highest in the 153-year history of that station. In Hanko, a spring this warm is approximately 60 times more likely in the current climate and 2.3 degrees warmer than without climate change.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Much of the country had less precipitation than usual this spring. Places with more precipitation than normal were mainly located in South and North Karelia and Northern Lapland. The highest precipitation recorded during the spring was 145.4 millimetres at Paljakka observation station in Puolanka. The lowest amount of precipitation was 36.9 millimetres recorded at the Kaaresuvanto observation station in Enontekiö. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate statistics in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2dzUH7ztv4YFjLZupJaA2w","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-23T07:54:10.915Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-23T07:54:10.915Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Snow cover on Arctic sea ice is not staying in place – wind carries a significant part of it to more uneven areas","leadParagraph":"This uneven snow distribution affects how sea ice grows and how its thickness is measured by satellites. The new findings help improve climate models and satellite-based monitoring of the Arctic, both of which are crucial for understanding climate change.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"KnaGmmSuax16sJlXctUdN","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-23T07:53:00.231Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-23T07:53:00.231Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Snow cover on Arctic sea ice, Alfred-Wegener-Institut / Michael Gutsche (CC-BY 4.0)","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"01CpSvL4Ot5KshLypKEAba","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-05-23T07:52:40.895Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-23T07:52:40.895Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Snow cover on Arctic sea ice, Alfred-Wegener-Institut / Michael Gutsche (CC-BY 4.0) ","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/01CpSvL4Ot5KshLypKEAba/2e73dc78ce5aa683a578902a0c4fd42e/Untitled_design.png","details":{"size":1119808,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Untitled design.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut / Michael Gutsche (CC-BY 4.0)","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.34"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"In a study published in the Journal of Glaciology","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", a team of researchers led by the Finnish Meteorological Institute found that nearly half of the snow that falls on flat, level Arctic sea ice doesn't stay there. Instead, about 40 percent of snow can be swept away by wind.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Snow doesn’t stay put. It gets blown away by the wind and accumulates around ridges and uneven ice areas, leaving flat areas with much less snow”, explains ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Ioanna Merkouriadi","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", senior scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the lead author of the study.   ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This natural relocation of snow is called snow redistribution. It has a major effect on how sea ice grows and how thick it becomes over the winter. Snow insulates the ice beneath it, slowing down its growth.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“To calculate ice thickness from satellites, we need to know how much snow is sitting on top. If snow redistribution is not accounted for, it is easy to miscalculate how thick—or thin—the sea ice really is”, says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Arttu Jutila","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", researcher at the Finnish Meteorological Institute and a co-author of the study. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"If models assume there's too much snow on flat ice, the ice thickness will be incorrectly estimated as too thin. The study shows that correcting for this snow loss is important, especially for current satellite missions like CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 that estimate the thickness of snow-covered sea ice. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A new way to simulate snow and ice together ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To study snow redistribution, the research team combined a snow model and an ice model in a new way that allowed snow and ice to interact more realistically. They tested their results using over a decade of airborne snow and ice measurements from survey flights in the western Arctic. The improved model could reproduce the observed snow and ice conditions much more accurately when it accounted for the missing snow on flat ice. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The team of researchers also found that the amount of snow remaining on flat ice is directly tied to how much the ice is deformed","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":".","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" This new understanding helps predict snow distribution using just ice deformation data, which is a valuable shortcut for researchers.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The results help scientists better understand how snow and sea ice behave in a warming Arctic. This in turn improves the tools used to track changes in the polar regions and predict their future.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Snow redistribution is a hidden but important part of the Arctic system. This study gives us a clearer picture of how snow and sea ice interact—and why it matters for our understanding of the changing Arctic,” says Ioanna Merkouriadi. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The study was part of Academy fellowship project of senior scientist Ioanna Merkouriadi, funded by the Research Council of Finland. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Scientist, Researcher Ioanna Merkouriadi, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 40 867 4802, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:ioanna.merkouriadi@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"ioanna.merkouriadi@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientist, Researcher Arttu Jutila, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 460 5587, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:arttu.jutila@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"arttu.jutila@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The scientific article was published on 14 May 2025, and it is freely available in ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.34"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Journal of Glaciology","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reference: Merkouriadi I, Jutila A, Liston GE, Preußer A, Webster MA (2025) Investigating snow sinks on level sea ice: A case study in the western Arctic. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Journal of Glaciology","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"71","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", e66, 1–13. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.34"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.34","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Tutkimus","Ilmatieteen laitos"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3wD68aNbKOfraJV8KKjL0f","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-19T09:44:22.964Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-19T10:19:23.529Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":42,"revision":3,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"New technology tracks airborne pollen in real time  across Europe","leadParagraph":"Are your eyes itchy? Does your nose run? Springtime pollen from ash, alder, hazel, birch, and other trees is already in the air – and now being measured in real time from Córdoba in Spain to Pallas in Finland.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"22Erg9fmrZ9TGGRl8Go0Vo","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-19T09:43:12.003Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-19T09:43:12.003Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pollen pine, Adobe Stock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2tdwmpSg9SZHEPSfhksEke","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-05-19T09:42:42.967Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-19T09:42:42.967Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Pollen pine, Adobe Stock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2tdwmpSg9SZHEPSfhksEke/ddf3e930a79612da8f34f44e8877a0b6/AdobeStock_4157594.jpg","details":{"size":151482,"image":{"width":1200,"height":803}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_4157594.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Pollen","plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The SYLVA project, coordinated by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and funded by the EU Horizon programme, is developing cutting-edge monitoring technologies and infrastructure for biological particles such as pollen, fungal spores, certain algae, and bacteria.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“SYLVA is developing and testing breakthrough monitoring technologies, which deliver near real-time data about bioaerosols. From previous campaigns, we know these machines work under normal conditions. This year, we are testing them in extreme environments,” says Research Professor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mikhail Sofiev","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", coordinator of the SYLVA project.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Testing monitoring technology from mountaintops to Mediterranean plains ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Demonstration sites have been launched across Europe to test how reliably the technology performs in diverse biogeographic and climatic regions – from southern Spain to northern Finland, and from lowlands to high-altitude Alpine  stations.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“These field trials will demonstrate how SYLVA innovations can bring new data for public health, agriculture, and forestry. The data is publicly available within a few hours through the EBAS database. We also offer detailed characterization of bioaerosols using third-generation DNA sequencing techniques,” explains Mikhail Sofiev.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Over 80 million Europeans are allergic to pollen, with health-related costs exceeding €50 billion annually. Traditional pollen monitoring methods are outdated and slow. SYLVA’s automated technology addresses this challenge by providing rapid, reliable, and location-specific data across Europe.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"SYLVA also provides the technological backbone of the emerging EUMETNET AutoPollen network, which connects aerobiological teams across Europe and coordinates the development of the next-generation bioaerosol monitoring and modelling.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research Professor Mikhail Sofiev, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:mikhail.sofiev@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"mikhail.sofiev@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://sylva.bioaerosol.eu"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"SYLVA project website","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/atmospheric-bioaerosols-modelling"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Helsinki real-time pollen concentrations","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://silam.fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Numerical forecasts of pollen concentrations","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://norkko.fi/en/front-page/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Norkko.fi: pollen forecasts in Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Tutkimus"],"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6ffRibfOOoC2vzQAmus7uZ","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-13T09:22:20.381Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-13T09:22:20.381Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":29,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute's cooperation with Ukraine continues – now in the field of air quality","leadParagraph":"The first training session of the Finnish-Ukrainian air quality project was held in Finland in May. The training focused on assessing air quality using satellite data.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"e6HSxPNW5oTCGbWDWzAVW","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-13T08:21:00.632Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-13T08:21:00.632Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Ukraina ilmalaatu Adobe Stock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2tNAaCZrYSGJq8YW1bSshw","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-05-13T07:34:49.568Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-13T07:34:49.568Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"ukraina ilmanlaatu 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2tNAaCZrYSGJq8YW1bSshw/27fabdfe7fbeae65fbf7c36a24e3610e/ukraina_ilmanlaatu_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":271627,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"ukraina_ilmanlaatu_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The first onsite training of UFAIR, Ukraine-Finland Institutional Cooperation in Air Quality Monitoring project between the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the Finnish Meteorological Institute, took place in Finland at the beginning of May. The subject of the training was the assessment of air quality based on satellite data.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Satellite data provide regional information on air quality and its temporal variability, such as on-going sand toxins, the effects of fires or long-term changes in industrial emissions.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"Satellite data are particularly useful because of ongoing war in Ukraine, which causes air quality impacts and limits air quality measurements in the country\", says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Jenni Latikka","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Project Manager at Finnish Meteorological Institute. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Poor air quality can increase morbidity, cause premature deaths as a result of long-term exposure, and affect ecosystems, thus also producing negative economic impacts.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The goal is to strengthen the expertise of Ukraine's environmental authorities and harmonize operational practices","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"UFAIR is an ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://finlandabroad.fi/web/oecd/foreign-ministry-s-press-releases/-/asset_publisher/kyaK4Ry9kbQ0/content/suomi-tukee-ammatillista-koulutusta-ilmanlaadun-seurantaa-ja-infrastruktuurin-jalleenrakennusta-ukrainassa/35732"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Institutional cooperation instrument project","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. The main objective of the project is to improve the competence of the Ukrainian environmental authorities in air quality monitoring and management. The focus of the project is on harmonizing of practicalities and legislation to comply with EU regulation, which supports Ukraine's EU membership negotiations. In addition, the project supports the environmental impact assessment of the war.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The inception phase of the project was carried out in the autumn of 2024. The inception phase included revision of the project plan, the design of two new EU reference air quality monitoring stations to be procured during the project and a high-level kick-off meeting in Kyiv.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The implementation phase of the project began at the beginning of 2025 and has included, among other things, an audit of the Kyiv air quality measuring network, remote training on the siting of air quality monitoring stations and air quality forecasting, support for the drafting of the new air quality index act and participation in mock sessions in preparation for the bilateral screening negotiations under EU Chapter 27. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In addition to the Ministry, the project includes several Ukrainian environmental authorities from the national level to city level actors such as Ukraine Hydrology and Meteorological Center, City of Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk city and oblast, Lviv, Sumy, Dnipro and Zaporizhzhia oblasts. The project budget is €2 million and is estimated end in 2028. 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AGCLIMATE aims to reduce these emissions by developing solutions to monitor the carbon balance and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions at the field level and integrate the results into farm- and product-specific carbon footprint calculations. The project’s innovations support climate-smart farming, increase transparency, and open new export opportunities for Finnish companies.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“In AGCLIMATE, scientific results are turned into practical solutions for everyday farming. Reliable data becomes usable for climate-friendly business and decision-making,” says project leader, Research Professor ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Jari Liski","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"AGCLIMATE has four main objectives:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"to develop climate-smart agricultural practices","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"to build a monitoring system for carbon balance and N₂O emissions","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"to integrate results into companies’ carbon footprint calculations","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"to increase the export potential of climate-friendly products and services.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The project is led by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, with research partners Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) and the University of Helsinki. Business partners with their own sub-projects include Valio, Hankkija, Vaisala, Datasense, and Cense Analytics. Atria, HKFoods and Lantmännen participate in the project steering group.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"AGCLIMATE is the largest individual project within ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.valio.com/we-are-valio/food-2-0/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Valio’s Food 2.0 programme","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":". The Food 2.0 initiative is a broad research, development and innovation programme aimed at making Finland’s food system more sustainable, profitable, and export-oriented.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The project supports Finnish companies in the climate transition","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"AGCLIMATE consists of seven work packages focusing on cultivation practices, monitoring systems, life cycle assessment, and international validation of results. The real-time ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Field Observatory","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" system makes measurement results openly and transparently available to stakeholders. The project runs from April 2025 to December 2027 and spans three growing seasons.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"AGCLIMATE improves the climate performance of Finland’s food system value chains and enhances export opportunities for companies. The results help domestic food, agriculture, and technology companies improve their climate impact assessments, meet market and regulatory requirements, and comply with certification and carbon market standards.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"AGCLIMATE engages in broad international research collaboration and is linked to major EU projects and global research infrastructures. International partners serve as scientific references and strengthen the project’s global impact.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Contact: ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Jari Liski \nResearch Professor, Scientific Director \nFinnish Meteorological Institute\n+358 40 748 5088, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:jari.liski@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"jari.liski@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Project partners and roles:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"leads the project and develops a system to estimate agricultural carbon balance and N₂O emissions using measurements, modelling, and satellite data.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"is responsible for life cycle analysis, research on reducing N₂O emissions, and measuring root biomass and soil carbon. Luke also compiles climate-smart practices.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The University of Helsinki ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"contributes expertise in nitrogen-efficient farming and N₂O measurements via the Viikki research farm and the SMEAR-Agri platform.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Valio ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"links the field-specific climate impacts to product-specific carbon footprints.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Hankkija ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"focuses on carbon-smart grass cultivation and forage usage optimization.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Vaisala ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"develops next-generation CO₂ sensors for carbon footprint monitoring.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Datasense ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"develops its GHG Research Suite for integrated greenhouse gas research.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Cense Analytics ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"develops and provides comprehensive soil carbon measurement service.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Ilmasto","Tutkimus"],"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5BjPkjnGawmyBO6GEM9GpU","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-07T12:33:59.687Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-07T12:33:59.687Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Occasional summer heat in April weather","leadParagraph":"In April, the temperatures increased to summer levels in two heatwaves, but these periods were always followed by clearly chillier weather. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1mlzUmNTmX8ljJKeB2dXy0","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-07T12:29:23.432Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-07T12:29:23.432Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"hiirenkorvat OlliToivonen_1200x675_EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"49fqFqV7sNV7AYcgs9rMsN","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-05-02T07:07:39.707Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-02T07:07:39.707Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"hiirenkorvat OlliToivonen_1200x675","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/49fqFqV7sNV7AYcgs9rMsN/5b05ad7f4b5d432e43043576bd44dd3e/hiirenkorvat_OlliToivonen4427.jpg","details":{"size":145773,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"hiirenkorvat_OlliToivonen4427.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Olli Toivonen"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, April was widely warmer than usual, and exceptionally warm on the southern and western coasts. The temperature deviation from the 1991–2020 average was 1–2 degrees, but in Eastern and Northern Lapland, it remained below the average. The previous warmer April was in the southern and central parts of the country in 2019. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As usual, April was characterised by significant temperature fluctuations. The temperature rapidly increased to 19.1 degrees on 2 April in Helsinki and 3 April in Jomala, which is very exceptional. The second heat pulse hit Easter week, when 22.9 degrees were measured in Rauma on 16 April. This was the highest temperature of the month. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The heat pulses were followed by cooler episodes lasting approximately a week. The month's lowest temperature, -23.8 degrees Celsius, was recorded at the village centre in Kilpisjärvi on 11 April.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Very dry in the middle of the country","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In terms of rainfall, the southern part of the country and Northern Lapland received more rain than usual, while in between, it was drier than usual. Particularly in the area extending from Central Ostrobothnia to Kainuu, there was exceptionally little rainfall in places. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The month’s rainfall ranged from 3.1 millimetres in Paltaniemi, Kajaani, to 71.6 millimetres in Nuorgam, Utsjoki. The highest amount of rainfall, 29.6 mm, was recorded in the port of Långnäs on 19 April.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Most of Finland had more sunshine than usual, and at the end of the month, mainly Central and Northern Lapland and Koillismaa still had snow, from about 30 centimetres to over a metre at Kilpisjärvi. 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The studies included satellite and field observations.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3yMNmZYosYc1VvYasc5MDJ","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-06T09:39:08.781Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-06T12:08:40.606Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Vuomittaustorni Sodankylä Aleksi Rimali EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5dxmOZnc4XOHKEhH7034AV","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-05-06T09:36:08.549Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-06T12:06:54.702Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Vuomittaustorni Sodankylässä Aleksi Rimali","description":"sodankylä","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5dxmOZnc4XOHKEhH7034AV/5036fa358df3376102b9365cb615f969/DJI_0017.JPG","details":{"size":504740,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"DJI_0017.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Instruments on the Sodankylä flux tower are used to study the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the forest. Photo: Aleksi Rimali.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The study investigated how plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and how these processes change over time, for example to climate change and environmental pollution. The modelling work will also help to understand the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, which are important for plant growth and carbon uptake.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Better modelling and prediction of carbon uptake by natural ecosystems can help us to better assess the impact of climate policies and the role of nature in mitigating climate change.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Simple but efficient D&B model  was developed using a wide range of data","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2137-2025"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The first study","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" developed a new D&B model describing soil and terrestrial vegetation. The model has a simple structure, but can describe the plant  water use and carbon uptake at both local and global scales.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The model development combined several different data sources: remote sensing observations from the satellites and field observations from Sodankylä and the Spanish savannah site. These helped to provide a diverse perspective on ecosystem functioning in different environments.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This development work was part of the Land Carbon Constellation project funded by the European Space Agency. The work brought together experts in field observations, remote sensing and modelling in a unique way.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"20 years of measurements used in model development","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1781-2025"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Another study","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" used data from a Canadian deciduous forest spanning over 20 years using the QUINCY model, which includes also nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in addition to the carbon cycle. The model includes parameterisation for leaf chlorophyll, which can also be observed from satellites.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The study found that the strength of the forest’s carbon sink has increased over time, even though the length of the growing season has not changed. This suggests that the summer photosynthesis, i.e. the uptake of carbon by the vegetation, has increased. The QUINCY model was not able to successfully simulate this behaviour, suggesting that that the explanation would be a process not included in the model. For this forest, the explanation could be recovery of nitrogen and sulphur deposition.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The study was part of Academy fellowship project of senior scientist ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Tea Thum","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", funded by the Research Council of Finland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior scientist Tea Thum, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 592 7359, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:tea.thum@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"tea.thum@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"References for the scientific articles:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Knorr, W., Williams, M., Thum, T., Kaminski, T., Voßbeck, M., Scholze, M., Quaife, T., Smallman, T. L., Steele-Dunne, S. C., Vreugdenhil, M., Green, T., Zaehle, S., Aurela, M., Bouvet, A., Bueechi, E., Dorigo, W., El-Madany, T. S., Migliavacca, M., Honkanen, M., Kerr, Y. H., Kontu, A., Lemmetyinen, J., Lindqvist, H., Mialon, A., Miinalainen, T., Pique, G., Ojasalo, A., Quegan, S., Rayner, P. J., Reyes-Muñoz, P., Rodríguez-Fernández, N., Schwank, M., Verrelst, J., Zhu, S., Schüttemeyer, D., and Drusch, M.: A comprehensive land-surface vegetation model for multi-stream data assimilation, D&B v1.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2137–2159, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2137-2025"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2137-2025","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 2025.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Thum, T., Miinalainen, T., Seppälä, O., Croft, H., Rogers, C., Staebler, R., Caldararu, S., and Zaehle, S.: Modelling decadal trends and the impact of extreme events on carbon fluxes in a temperate deciduous forest using a terrestrial biosphere model, Biogeosciences, 22, 1781–1807, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1781-2025"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1781-2025","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 2025.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Tutkimus","Avaruus","Ilmasto"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4TD7jbI1Bhy9DxmxijN0Lv","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-05-06T11:15:09.996Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-06T11:15:09.996Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":34,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Exposure to the sun can go unnoticed ‒ UV radiation can take you by surprise even when days are cloudy","leadParagraph":"Throughout Finland at this time of year, the UV index exceeds the level requiring protection. Awareness among Finns of the cancer risks of UV radiation has improved, but sun protection for children has declined.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"47ACaGARthvtjqH0GTs27I","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-22T09:55:04.386Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-22T09:55:04.386Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Aurinko UV Pixabay EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3wVPjBW2D8PM9vnH2rK2jm","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-22T11:13:24.976Z","updatedAt":"2020-06-22T11:13:24.976Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Aurinko ja pilvet Pixabay","description":"pilvet aurinko taivas UV säteily pixabay","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3wVPjBW2D8PM9vnH2rK2jm/b6a7dd5931e14e373cdeb458cc3696f7/clouds-3476252_1920_pixabay.jpg","details":{"size":212880,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"clouds-3476252_1920_pixabay.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Pixabay."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Summer has come early in many places this year. The temperature itself does not affect the intensity of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It instead depends on the height of the sun above the horizon. At this time of year, the UV index, which is a measure of the intensity of UV radiation, can reach a maximum of 4 in Southern Finland on sunny days. This means that you should take care to protect your skin and eyes from excessive exposure. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Southern Finland, the UV index rises above the level requiring protection on sunny days from mid-April until September. In Northern Finland, this threshold is exceeded on average from May until early August. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The sun's UV radiation is strongest in Finland during the week before Midsummer and for a few weeks after. During this period, the UV index in the southern parts of the country can exceed the high radiation level threshold of 6. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Warm weather can tempt people to wear lighter clothing, which exposes the skin to solar UV radiation. It's worth bearing in mind that you can still get sunburned on a cloudy day, as thin high clouds do little to reduce the intensity of UV radiation reaching the ground,\" says Finnish Meteorological Institute researcher ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Kaisa Lakkala","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"UV exposure better known as a cancer risk than skin type or sunbeds ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to a survey on cancer risk factors and prevention commissioned by the Cancer Society of Finland (CSF), 87% of Finns are aware that the sun's UV radiation increases the risk of cancer. In addition, 44% of respondents identified fair skin as a risk factor, but in the younger age group (18-24 years) this proportion was only 21%. The cancer risk associated with sunbeds was recognised by 81% of respondents, but only 55% of younger people were aware of its harmfulness. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finns are generally aware of the risk of cancer caused by UV radiation. However, the effect of skin type on cancer risk is less well known. The fairer the skin type, the higher the risk of skin cancer. Darker skin tolerates the sun better, and the cancer risk is therefore lower, but still present. Awareness of the risks of sunbeds is high on average, but the lower level of knowledge among younger respondents is worrying. Sunbeds are classified as a class one carcinogen and damage the skin in the same way as the sun's UV rays. For this reason, sunbeds are not recommended for tanning,\" explains ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Heidi Löflund-Kuusela","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Manager of Health Promotion at the CSF. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the latest cancer statistics, nearly 1,800 melanomas, over 2,100 squamous cell carcinomas and about 9,400 basal cell carcinomas were diagnosed in Finland in 2024. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The incidence of skin cancer increased more rapidly than that of other cancers in the early 2000s. While the age-standardised incidence of all other cancers increased by about 0.4% per year, the increase for skin cancer was about 3.5% per year. Over the last 10 years, this rate of increase has slowed considerably. It now appears that the incidence of skin melanoma, for example, is no longer increasing and will be lower in 2024 than in 2023,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Karri Seppä","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Research Manager at the Finnish Cancer Registry. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There are differences in skin cancer incidence in Finland between both well-being services counties and educational groups. The highest incidence of skin cancers is found among people with a high level of education in Åland, and the lowest among people with primary education in Kainuu. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The reasons for these differences may be both in actual UV exposure and in a more active seeking of medical examination. There are virtually no differences in skin cancer mortality.\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Popularity of tanning has declined, but sun protection for children needs to improve ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A survey commissioned by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland (STUK) found that Finns are most exposed to the UV radiation when they are outdoors – in parks and on terraces, while gardening and playing sports.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Most often, UV exposure occurs in everyday life,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Anne Höytö","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Senior Specialist in UV radiation at STUK.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Awareness of the sun's harmful effects has improved, and the pursuit of tanning has decreased. Only about 9% of Finns sunbathe to get a tan. However, this is more common among women and those under 45 than others. As many as 45% of Finns have suffered sunburn in the past five years, and young adults in particular get sunburned regularly. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Nevertheless, there is generally a positive attitude towards protection, with 43% of Finns saying they always protect themselves from the sun, and 52% at least sometimes. Women protect themselves from the sun more often than men, and younger generations are more active in this regard than older ones. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The most usual sun protection methods are sunscreen, hats, sunglasses and seeking shade. Parents still remember to protect their children from sun exposure, but a worrying trend is emerging. In 2022, 68% of Finns always protected their children from the sun, but this has now fallen to 58%. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The good news is that most Finns are aware of the harms of UV radiation and protection methods. Höytö points out that effective protection is not difficult. Shade, clothing and sunscreen are all important. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"By combining these, you can safely enjoy outdoor activities in summer.\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/uv-index"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"UVI forecast","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" in the Finnish Meteorological Institute's web service","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The UV index forecast can also be checked from the Finnish Meteorological Institute's mobile app. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Tutkimus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3F5GuX7UNXM8j9xGbTfL6n","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-04-28T06:36:08.121Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-28T06:36:08.121Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Summer 2024 in Lapland was the warmest in 2,000 years","leadParagraph":"Temperature reconstructions from tree-ring records indicate that last summer was the warmest in Lapland over the Common Era. The summer climate in Lapland is moving beyond its historical range of natural variability.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4IOwvbV7RlIqdcBlEBosNQ","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-04-28T06:16:27.946Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-28T06:16:27.946Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Äkäslompolo Tuija Vuorinen","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1toAMryjJnKLKK6kBWbLNU","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-04-28T06:02:28.181Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-28T06:02:28.181Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Äkäslompolo Tuija Vuorinen","description":"Lappi, syksy","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1toAMryjJnKLKK6kBWbLNU/c8a48d2825ecd972c39a7d275e467bc1/akaslompolo_tuija_vuorinen_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":935378,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"akaslompolo_tuija_vuorinen_1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Äkäslompolo , Finnish Lapland. Photo: Tuija Vuorinen.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Summer 2024 was record-warm in Lapland. The June-August mean temperature in Sodankylä Tähtelä, Finland was 15.9 °C, which broke the previous record from 1937 by 0.4 degrees. According to a new study, published in ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01046-4"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"npj Climate & Atmospheric Sciences journal","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":", the summer was not only the warmest in the instrumental record, but the summer 2024 was very likely the warmest in 2,000 years, as estimated by indirect temperature observations.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The finding is based on temperature reconstructions derived from Scots pine tree rings. The study, conducted by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Natural Resources Institute Finland, used two different reconstructions: one extending back 2,000 years and the other 1,170 years. According to these reconstructions, the previously warmest summer occurred in 1937, which was now clearly surpassed based on direct measurements.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“Tree rings are dated with annual precision and they show a strong correlation with observed June–August temperatures, which allows meaningful comparison with present-day observations,” says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Samuli Helama","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", senior scientist at the Natural Resources Institute Finland.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate change made the summer 2024 over two degrees hotter","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The new study also estimated the contribution of climate change to the mean temperatures in summer 2024 in Sodankylä, Finland. The findings indicate that the summer in Sodankylä was about 2.1 °C warmer due to anthropogenic climate change. Without the observed global warming, such a warm summer would have been extremely rare, occurring only once in roughly 1,400 years. Today, a similarly warm summer is expected to occur on average once every 16 years, making it about one hundred times more likely.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In addition to climate change, the study shows that atmospheric circulation, or the large-scale weather pattern, favoured the formation of the hottest summer on record.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“T​hus, the summer would have been slightly warmer than normal even without the influence of climate change, but without the observed global warming, a new record would not have been set,” says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mika Rantanen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", researcher at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"As a result of the hot summer, Utsjoki, Finland recorded an unprecedented 25 hot days (with maximum temperatures exceeding 25 °C), and numerous wildfires blazed across areas including the islands of Lake Inari. If global warming continues at roughly the current pace, by mid-21st century summers this warm could occur about once every four years. By that time, global mean temperature is projected to have increased by approximately 2.1 °C, surpassing the 2 °C target set in the Paris Agreement.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher Mika Rantanen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 475 0756, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:mika.rantanen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"mika.rantanen@fmi.fi","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Senior scientist Samuli Helama, Natural Resources Institute Finland, tel. +358 29 532 5047, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:samuli.helama@luke.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"samuli.helama@luke.fi","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The scientific article is freely available in ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01046-4"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science -journal","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Reference: Rantanen, M., Helama, S., Räisänen, J., & Gregow, H. (2025). Summer 2024 in northern Fennoscandia was very likely the warmest in 2000 years. Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01046-4"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01046-4","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tutkimus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7tewlFXycWztQGcCIAjXfB","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-04-17T09:25:14.912Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-17T09:25:14.912Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"August 2024 temperature record in Svalbard exceeds climate warming trend","leadParagraph":"August 2024 was record warm in Svalbard, with a margin that far exceeded previous records even when the effect of climate change was accounted for. New research sheds light on the causes behind the record-shattering heat.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6D2veMrKNPQSopgEKtgAYU","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-04-17T09:01:47.432Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-17T09:01:47.432Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Svalbard in summer 2024 Anna Sartell","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4BF8oYtsGhqTCOOk2nAJNz","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-04-17T08:57:06.534Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-17T08:57:06.534Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Svalbard summer 2024 Anna Sartell","description":"Huippuvuoret, Svalbard","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4BF8oYtsGhqTCOOk2nAJNz/8d09eabe562fb2eb2d60aa93fdacddb9/thumbnail_IMG_2458_Overlai-14456_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":562171,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"thumbnail_IMG_2458_Overlai-14456_1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Hornsund, Svalbard, in summer 2024. Photo: Anna Sartell.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A record-high monthly mean temperature of 11.0°C was measured in August 2024 in Longyearbyen, the capital of the Svalbard Archipelago, located more than a thousand kilometers north of the Arctic Circle.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Not only was this a striking 2.6°C warmer than the previous record for August mean temperature set just a year earlier, but it was also 1.0°C above the record for July – traditionally the warmest month in Svalbard. This made August 2024 the warmest month since the start of the records in 1899. The summer (June, July, August) of 2024 also was the warmest on record, and the margin by which the record was broken was itself record-breaking.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To study the extremity of these records, the long-term warming trend was removed from the August and summer temperature observations in Longyearbyen. From this followed that even though the summer temperature exceeded previous records by an extreme margin, the value fits within the expected range of temperature observations. The August temperature fell, however, far outside of previously observed temperature variability – even after accounting for climate change. The research was published ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115015"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"in Geophysical Research Letters","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Extreme temperatures were caused by southerly winds and warm sea surfaces","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It is generally recognized that Svalbard is one of the fastest warming places on Earth. But what brings additional interest to these records, is the fact that traditionally the most extreme temperature increases have been observed in wintertime, not in summer. Therefore, the causes behind these temperature extremes were also examined.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research revealed that the extreme temperatures were caused by an unprecedented combination of persistent, southerly winds over the Svalbard and Barents Sea region and extremely warm sea surface temperatures around the Archipelago. Together, these factors enabled efficient transport of warm air to Svalbard.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Summer temperatures strongly affect the Arctic environment","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Summer temperatures play a major role in Arctic environment, as it strongly affects the ecology in the region. Extremely high summer temperatures are also one of the dominant drivers in glacier and permafrost melt.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It is not yet clear whether this kind of persistent weather patterns in the Svalbard and Barents Sea region will become more common in the future. It is however likely, that sea surface temperatures in the area will keep rising. This means that such temperature extremes may also become more common, with large impacts on the local environment.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research was a combined effort between the Polar Meteorology and Climate Group and the Extreme Weather and Climate Change Group of the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Researcher Daan van den Broek, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:daan.van.den.broek@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"daan.van.den.broek@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific article is available ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115015"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"in Geophysical Research Letters","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reference: van den Broek, D., Urbancic, G. H., Rantanen, M., & Vihma, T. (2025). Svalbard's Record-Breaking Arctic Summer 2024: Anomalies Beyond Climatological Warming Trends. Geophysical Research Letters, 52(8), ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115015"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115015","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tutkimus"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"14UU7cpFV5ioju3kES2ckf","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-04-03T10:37:36.684Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-15T11:43:26.322Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":3,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"March was exceptionally mild in the southern part of the country","leadParagraph":"Other parts of the country were also milder than usual. By the end of the month, there was generally no snow in the southern and western parts of the country.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6Eq1Wn168HlD8YreR4O3gg","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-04-03T10:32:50.466Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-03T10:32:50.466Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Shutterstock kevättalven metsä EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7ewYVmM1Z6BhoUawDgAG6N","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-04-01T07:56:21.870Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-01T07:56:21.870Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"shutterstock kevättalven metsämaisema 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7ewYVmM1Z6BhoUawDgAG6N/51ad36162c0da4fe322c7ed845bb488c/shutterstock_kevättalven_metsämaisema_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":1329757,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"shutterstock_kevättalven_metsämaisema_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Shutterstock."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in March varied from just over +2 degrees Celsius in the southwest of the country to around –7 degrees Celsius in Käsivarsi, Northern Lapland. The average temperature in March was higher than usual throughout the country, even exceptionally high in the southern part of the country. For example, the monthly average temperature at the Helsinki Kaisaniemi observation station was +2.8 degrees, which is the second highest in the observation history of the station. Only in 2007 was March even milder in Kaisaniemi. In addition, the +2.5 degrees March average temperature in Kaarina Yltöinen is a new record for the station in its 98-year observation history.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in March was 14.9 degrees, measured at Mikkeli airport, on 31 March. The lowest temperature, in contrast, was –32.5 degrees, measured at Kevojärvi in Utsjoki Kevo, on 15 March.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation was close to normal in a large part of the country ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"March was fairly normal in terms of precipitation, with lower than usual precipitation mainly in the southern part of the country. The greatest amount of precipitation for March was 63.5 millimetres, recorded at the Kilpisjärvi village centre observation station in Enontekiö. The lowest amount of precipitation, 2.8 mm, was recorded at the Kustavi Isokari observation station. The greatest precipitation in a single day, 28.1 mm, was recorded at the Kilpisjärvi village centre observation station, on 18 March.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On the last day of March, the snow cover had largely melted from the southern and western parts of the country. In Central Finland, North Savo, North Karelia and Kainuu, there was approximately 20–50 centimetres of snow. In Lapland, snow depth was approximately 30–80 centimetres, with the exception of the northernmost area of Kilpisjärvi, where snow depth was nearly 140 centimetres at the end of the month. Apart from Central and Northern Lapland, the snow depth in Finland was lower than usual at the end of the month, and unusually or even exceptionally low in the central parts of the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The entire country saw a usual number of sunshine hours. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate statistics in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Sää","Ilmasto","Tilasto"],"showEditedDatetime":false,"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1sTITswFi8lckLJiFrogcX","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-03-21T14:39:47.102Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-21T14:39:47.102Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":27,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Advancing climate science for glacier preservation","leadParagraph":"CryoSCOPE project investigates melting snow and ice in six cold regions of Europe and India.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4gEeuLf2axMOIoATREPkcU","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-03-21T14:35:01.373Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-21T14:35:01.373Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Eve scene Heikki Lihavainen Rakesh Hooda","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6D3Wd708Vc0tn5IJz71NIu","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-03-21T07:39:29.216Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-21T07:39:29.216Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Eve Scene Heikki Lihavainen Rakesh Hooda","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6D3Wd708Vc0tn5IJz71NIu/7cc8117786ab0574206a5f62efcf2402/Eve_Scene.JPG","details":{"size":220861,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Eve_Scene.JPG","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Heikki Lihavainen, Rakesh Hooda.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"As the world unites to mark World Water Day 2025, on 22 March 2025, under the theme of ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Glacier Preservation","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", the urgency to protect our planet’s frozen water reserves has never been greater. Glaciers are melting at unprecedented rates, disrupting the water cycle and threatening billions of people who depend on predictable meltwater flows for drinking water, agriculture, industry, and clean energy production.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"CryoSCOPE, a newly launched EU-funded research initiative, is stepping up to tackle these challenges head-on by improving climate predictions and water resource management in six cold regions across Europe and India.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Glacial retreat is one of the most visible consequences of climate change, leading to devastating floods, droughts, landslides, and rising sea levels. The loss of ice and snow cover is also altering local ecosystems and exacerbating the effects of climate feedback loops. CryoSCOPE, officially launched on 1 February 2025, aims to provide vital insights into these changes by integrating satellite and ground-based observations to refine climate models and improve water resource predictions. Over the next four years, the project will generate crucial data to help policymakers, communities, and industries adapt to shrinking glaciers and mitigate the associated risks.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"As glaciers retreat at alarming rates, our ability to predict and manage water resources in these cold regions becomes critical. With CryoSCOPE, we are leveraging cutting-edge science to bridge knowledge gaps in snow, ice, and permafrost dynamics, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of climate models and informing effective adaptation strategies\", says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Rakesh Hooda","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":",","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Project Coordinator of CryoSCOPE and Senior Research Scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"CryoSCOPE will investigate six key cold regions—Svalbard, Norway, Iceland, Finnish Lapland, the Swiss Alps, and the Indian Himalayas—where glacial melt is already disrupting ecosystems and human activities. In these areas:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Melting glaciers are increasing the risk of extreme events such as glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs).","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Changes in snow cover, including earlier melt and increased winter rainfall, are reducing summer water availability, affecting agriculture and carbon sequestration.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Thawing permafrost is releasing methane, a potent greenhouse gas, further accelerating global warming.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"By addressing these critical issues, CryoSCOPE will support environmental research and strengthen climate resilience in some of the world’s most vulnerable frozen landscapes. The project’s findings will guide policymakers and communities in developing evidence-based adaptation strategies, strengthening resilience against climate-driven water and energy challenges.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"CryoSCOPE aims to improve our understanding of the interactions between atmospheric, cryospheric, and hydrologic systems in some of the world’s most important cold regions. By integrating novel field measurements with satellite data and advanced numerical models, CryoSCOPE will refine the representation of local processes in global Earth System Models, providing scientists with improved data for climate research and supporting policymakers in making informed decisions on adaptation and mitigation”, says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Harsh Beria","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Scientific Coordinator of CryoSCOPE and Research Scientist at ETH Zürich and WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"As World Water Day 2025 calls for urgent action on ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Glacier Preservation","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", CryoSCOPE stands as a key initiative driving scientific research and policy solutions to safeguard our frozen water resources. By leveraging cutting-edge research and international collaboration, the project will provide valuable insights and practical solutions to mitigate climate-related risks, ensuring a more sustainable future for affected communities.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Senior Scientist Rakesh Hooda, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 401 4544, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:rakesh.hooda@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"rakesh.hooda@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Research","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7oakiFP4OVygRzXzkdXhpD","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-03-07T10:00:54.682Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-07T10:00:54.682Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":36,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Mild February in Lapland – winter in Finland was also mild on the whole with little snow","leadParagraph":"The last time Northern Lapland experienced a similarly mild February was in 2014. Many places saw unusually little snow this winter; there was also less sunshine than usual.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4HYAmXrtrvjF0T92lbVIqw","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-03-07T09:59:02.307Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-07T09:59:02.307Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"alkutalviAdobeStock1200px_EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4vuKYn6LSWeJqFPOkXBlVJ","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-03-03T08:16:58.751Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-03T08:16:58.751Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"AdobeStock 253304447 alkutalvi 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4vuKYn6LSWeJqFPOkXBlVJ/3e4f2a55270e45d2096e6e53caa016e0/AdobeStock_253304447_alkutalvi_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":696390,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_253304447_alkutalvi_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: AdobeStock."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, February's mean temperature varied from 0°C in the country’s southwest to -7°C in Eastern Lapland. The temperature deviation from the long-term average for 1991–2020 was about two degrees Celsius in the southern part of the country to about seven degrees Celsius in Northern Lapland. February was unusually or even exceptionally mild in Northern Lapland. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in February was 7.3°C, measured in Nellim, Inari, on 07 February. The lowest temperature was -39.6°C, measured in Tulppio, Savukoski, on 04 February. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Less precipitation than usual in February","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The amount of precipitation varied from 3.9 millimetres in Joensuu's Lintulahti to 37.8 millimetres in Torppi, Tornio. Much of the country received less precipitation than usual. In some parts of southern and central Finland, precipitation levels were less than a third of the usual amount. There was exceptionally little precipitation in parts of North Karelia. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The south and west coasts were largely snow-free in late February. For the most part, the eastern side of the country had between 20 and 40 centimetres of snow. From Kainuu to Lapland, there was approximately 50 centimetres of snow. The village of Kilpisjärvi had the most snow: 105 centimetres. In much of the country, the amount of snow was unusually or exceptionally low. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The sun shone less than usual throughout the country in February. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Little snow during winter months","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in winter, or December–February, varied from 0°C on the southwest coast to around -10°C in Eastern Lapland. The average temperature in the whole country was higher than usual when compared to the long-term average for 1991–2020. The temperature deviation was approximately two degrees in most parts of the country. In the southern part of the country, the winter was unusually mild, meaning that on average, similar conditions only occur once per decade or less frequently.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The lowest temperature in the winter months was -39.6°C, which was measured in Tulppio, Savukoski, on 04 February. The highest temperature was 9.5°C, which was measured on 17 January at the Kristiinankaupunki lighthouse. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In winter, the recorded precipitation was lowest in Toholampi (65.9 millimetres) and highest in Koivuniemi, Vironlahti (199.6 millimetres). The amount of precipitation was higher than the average in the southeast and in Central and Northern Lapland. The central parts of the country experienced less precipitation than usual. \nFrom December to February, there was unusually little snow in many parts of the west coast, North Ostrobothnia and Kainuu. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"During the winter months, the sun shone less than usual throughout the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate statistics in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\n\nWeather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Climate","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6qEEc8Q7Eqjn1sBMPSTnyC","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-03-06T13:40:39.128Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-06T13:40:39.128Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Monitoring polar vortex changes can improve subseasonal winter weather forecasts","leadParagraph":"A recently defended dissertation shows that monitoring changes in the stratospheric polar vortex can improve the lead time of cold spell forecasts in winter by up to five days. This could benefit sectors like energy and transport, though misinterpreting signals may cause false cold spell alarms.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3qQkqemdIaY0jpOD9rocBM","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-30T06:20:58.774Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-30T06:20:58.774Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Meri talvella EN Pixabay","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7DinHBgBfTS2VFpVHxDdIW","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-25T09:56:23.737Z","updatedAt":"2020-06-25T09:56:23.737Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Meri talvella Pixabay","description":"talvi, lumi, rannikko, Suomi, auringonlasku, meri","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7DinHBgBfTS2VFpVHxDdIW/7f91a037db1f492a51968f7658d291ff/winter-2465427_1920.jpg","details":{"size":297206,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"winter-2465427_1920.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Pixabay","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Irene Erner","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute examined in her study how changes in the stratosphere, particularly the stratospheric polar vortex, can improve subseasonal winter forecasts in the Northern Hemisphere.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"First, the study investigates the case of the Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event of 2018, which caused a severe cold spell. It was found that accurately predicting this event required correct capturing of a specific sequence of atmospheric events: first, the breaking of an atmospheric wave, followed by persistent high-pressure system over the Urals which led to a record-high transfer of energy to the stratosphere. Getting both the timing and intensity of these events right was crucial for providing a reliable SSW forecast.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Furthermore, the findings show that, on average, a weakened stratospheric polar vortex can add three to five days of extra predictability to cold spell forecasts. However, there's a challenge: sometimes the stratospheric signal can be misleading, causing false alarms for cold spells. This happens when the stratosphere becomes dynamically decoupled from the troposphere, allowing local weather processes closer to the surface to take over.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Overall, the work advances weather prediction methods by highlighting how remote drivers in the atmosphere can influence our weather weeks in advance.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weakened polar vortex increases probability of cold spells in Northern Eurasia","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The polar vortex is a strong band of winds high in the atmosphere. In winter, its strength can fluctuate, and extreme weakening can lead to sudden stratospheric warming events. When the polar vortex weakens, the jet stream near the surface often shows similar changes: it becomes weaker and more distorted, which in turn increases the likelihood of cold spells in Northern Eurasia.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Predicting the weather for the next few weeks is challenging but crucial for sectors like agriculture, energy, and transport. Medium-range forecasts rely on accurate current weather data, while long-term seasonal forecasts use broader climate patterns. This study focused on so-called S2S forecasting (subseasonal-to-seasonal), which refers to predicting the weather from a few weeks to a couple of months ahead. S2S forecasting sits between medium-range weather forecasts and long-term seasonal outlooks and is particularly difficult because it is influenced by both short- and long-term atmospheric processes. However, under certain conditions, remote atmospheric phenomena can provide valuable clues, as this research demonstrates.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher Irene Erner, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:irene.erner@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"irene.erner@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The dissertation can be found ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/items/140b2fc1-d035-4bd7-95fe-bf77bf4bfeec"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"at Helda digital repository","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Irene Erner defended her PhD thesis titled “Subseasonal Weather Predictions in Northern Hemisphere Winter” on Friday, 21st of February 2025, at the University of Helsinki. The opponent was Professor ","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Gabriele Messori","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" (Uppsala University, Sweden), and the custos was Professor ","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Heikki Järvinen","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Research","Weather"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5ANM5zDUWXDHFgEAt2q6XZ","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-02-19T08:38:48.297Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-19T08:38:48.297Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"New educational materials introduce schoolchildren to aerosol science through the journey of a dust particle","leadParagraph":"Oranssi Lumi: an exploratory journey through atmospheric events introduces schoolchildren to the fascinating journey of Saharan dust to Finland and its links to climate. Developed by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, these educational materials combine science and art to provide an engaging, interdisciplinary approach to environmental topics.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6BE1Ka5SvSmIDcSwCF18gF","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2023-04-04T07:32:38.114Z","updatedAt":"2023-04-04T07:32:38.114Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Visual of Oranssi Lumi project","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5uL0MkFIYf3VRoKBLKKFkG","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2023-03-31T10:15:19.071Z","updatedAt":"2023-03-31T10:15:19.071Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Oranssi-Lumi-A-landscape","description":"oranssi lumi","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5uL0MkFIYf3VRoKBLKKFkG/69d464bea50c3c62df71a86a3039cfed/Oranssi-Lumi-A_-landscape_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":157633,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Oranssi-Lumi-A_-landscape_1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Words Oranssi Lumi.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the core of the materials is the journey of a single dust particle from the Sahara Desert to Finland. This perspective helps students understand scientific concepts such as desert formation, dust transport, and its interactions with clouds and snow.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Designed for teachers of grades 1-9, the materials align with the Finnish National Curriculum and are adaptable across multiple subjects, including music, physics, and language studies.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/oranssi-lumi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Oranssi Lumi educational materials","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" are now available for download in English, with Finnish and Swedish versions coming soon.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Public enthusiasm for collecting snow samples inspired the developers of the educational materials","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Oranssi Lumi was inspired by the 2021 Saharan dust event, when a visible layer of dust covered Finland’s snow. This rare phenomenon sparked public interest and led to a citizen science campaign in which people across Finland contributed dust samples for research.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To celebrate the launch of the materials, a special event will be held on March 10 at the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Kumpula, Helsinki. The event will feature hands-on workshops and interactive activities, giving students a chance to engage directly with FMI researchers. Students from Malmi Comprehensive School and the European School of Helsinki will participate.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Researcher, Leader of the Oranssi Lumi Project \nAna Álvarez Piedehierro \nFinnish Meteorological Institute \n","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:ana.alvarez.piedehierro@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"ana.alvarez.piedehierro@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/oranssi-lumi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"More details and downloads can be found at Oranssi Lumi website","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Research","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4qUim1dbeIfF1dSK1FaDS","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-02-05T12:40:14.665Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-05T12:40:14.665Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"January was mild in the south and wintry in Lapland","leadParagraph":"In the middle of the month, the föhn wind raised temperatures to exceptionally high levels for the time of year. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2HIfurEL1M1G8lz6iqCCws","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-02-05T12:32:49.067Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-05T12:32:49.067Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Leuto tammikuu silmut Markku Kangas EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"kH1IFuhctrZQvGoBfFcEY","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-02-01T09:19:34.902Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-01T09:19:34.902Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Syreeni 20250128 silmut MarkkuKangas 1200x675","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/kH1IFuhctrZQvGoBfFcEY/dfb614c299b394ea5e771e838aa25ccd/Syreeni_20250128_silmut_MarkkuKangas_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":76624,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Syreeni_20250128_silmut_MarkkuKangas_1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Markku Kangas."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in January varied from +1 degrees Celsius in the southwestern archipelago to about –14 degrees Celsius in Northern Lapland. January was an unusually mild month in the south of the country and in places in the centre, which means that such high temperatures are recorded in January less often than once every ten years on average. Elsewhere in the country, the average temperatures were close to or slightly above the long-term average. The deviation from the long-term temperature norm ranged from approximately +3.5 degrees in Southern Finland to close to –1 degree in Lapland.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In the middle of the month, Finland was affected by the föhn wind, and temperatures were exceptionally high for a few days at several weather observation stations of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The highest temperature for the month, +9.5 degrees, was recorded at the Majakka observation station in Kristiinankaupunki, on 17 January. The figure is the fifth highest temperature recorded in January during Finland's history of recording weather. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The lowest temperature for the month, –38.9 degrees, was recorded at the Tulppio observation station in Savukoski, on 8 January.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mild weather melted the snow from the coast","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Rainfall in January was mainly close to normal. According to preliminary data, the highest amount of precipitation was recorded in Rankki, Kotka, with 78.5 millimetres, and the lowest in Kevo, Utsjoki, with 23.3 millimetres. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"By the end of the month, the southern and western coasts were snow-free in places. Elsewhere, snow depths ranged from 10 centimetres inland in the south and west to 98 centimetres in Kilpisjärvi. In late January, snow depths in the southern and central parts of the country and in northern Ostrobothnia were unusually or exceptionally low in many places. Snow depth was generally 10 to 25 centimetres below average. In Lapland, however, snow depth was slightly above average in places.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate statistics","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee) ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Weather","Climate","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4WQB8y4Mx5Ye9FzxvQk1AR","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-01-13T10:26:34.750Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-13T10:26:34.750Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":26,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"One in three Finns slipped last winter ","leadParagraph":"According to a survey by the Finnish Road Safety Council, one in three Finns slipped last winter. Approximately 36,000 Finns sustain a brain injury each year, and up to 60% of these injuries result from falls and slips. Teacher Kati Veijonaho shares her story about slipping in the Stay on Your Feet campaign. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3GixmatC5xJDRFQpGqVoCA","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-01-13T09:13:57.372Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-13T09:13:57.372Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pysy pystyssä EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"FXsewatngEKb28NcnX8yh","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2023-11-03T15:05:26.200Z","updatedAt":"2023-11-03T15:05:26.200Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"jalankulun-liukkaus-102023","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/FXsewatngEKb28NcnX8yh/2531a72c8854b726414e8b66516d858b/jalankulun-liukkaus-102023-v03.png","details":{"size":189121,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"jalankulun-liukkaus-102023-v03.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Keep your focus on where you step—it is easy to slip while looking at your phone. Good winter shoes are also important!","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to a survey* by the Finnish Road Safety Council, one in three Finns slipped last winter. Among those who slipped**, 43% reported injuries, and 7% required medical attention due to the accident. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.tyotapaturmatieto.fi/julkaisu/tyotapaturmatietopalvelu/3924"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Workers' Compensation Center’s forecast for 2024","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" indicates an 8% increase in commuting accidents compared to 2023, totaling approximately 24,000 incidents. The majority of these accidents involve slips or falls.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“You can’t control the weather, but you can prepare yourself and adjust your actions. Avoiding haste by allowing more time for your journeys is key,” advises ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Eero Kalmakoski","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", a contact manager at the Finnish Road Safety Council.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A brain injury caused by a commuting slip ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Teacher ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kati Veijonaho","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" slipped six years ago in the yard of her workplace, hitting her head on the icy ground. The weather was wintry, with fresh snow covering packed snow and ice. The yard had not been sanded for over a week due to the school’s winter break. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A week after the accident, what initially seemed to be a concussion was diagnosed as a traumatic brain injury. Even six years later, Veijonaho’s daily life is affected by extreme fatigue and sensitivity to mental strain. Her brain also struggles to process visual and auditory input as it used to. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"With the help of her husband, Veijonaho explains that medical professionals have deemed her permanently unfit for any work.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“Brain injuries often seem invisible, making it hard for others to understand why someone who appears healthy needs daily naps or tires and becomes overwhelmed easily. An invisible injury can limit one’s life far more than many visible injuries,” she says. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Pia Kilpeläinen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the Traumatic Brain Injury Association of Finland praises Veijonaho for raising awareness about the issue. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“An estimated 36,000 Finns sustain a brain injury annually, and at least 100,000 live with its aftereffects. While exact numbers on brain injuries caused by slipping are unavailable, up to 60% result from falls or slips,” Kilpeläinen confirms. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute issues warnings about highly slippery walking conditions ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute warns about highly slippery walking conditions. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/weather-warning-for-pedestrians"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The warning is called the pedestrian weather warning","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":". ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Highly slippery conditions occur when:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"there is snow on top of ice","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"there is water on top of ice","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"snow has been packed and turned slippery after heavy snowfall, with temperatures around freezing or slightly below","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"slush has frozen into an uneven and very slippery surface.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"Under extremely slippery conditions, caution alone isn’t enough—you need proper footwear and aids such as anti-slip devices. Slipping can catch you off guard, especially if you’re distracted by e.g. looking at your phone while walking,” explains ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sari Hartonen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", senior meteorologist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Current warnings can be checked on the ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/warnings"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute’s website","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" and on the weather app. It’s important to note that conditions can vary locally due to factors such as maintenance quality and pedestrian traffic in the area. However, warnings are only issued for widespread, extremely slippery situations.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Seven ways to avoid slipping and falling","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"ordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Check the pedestrian weather warning.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Wear shoes that are suitable for the weather conditions.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Use anti-slip guards.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Make time for commuting.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Focus on walking.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Give feedback to maintenance.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Stay in shape and keep alert.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://pysypystyssa.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Stay on Your Feet campaign runs","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" 13–19 January 2025 (in Finnish). The objective of the campaign is to remind you that you can reduce slipping and falling accidents through your own actions and choices. By anticipating and preparing, getting around in winter can be smooth sailing. Watch ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.youtube.com/@pysypystyssa9478/shorts"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Pysy pystyssä videos on YouTube","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information: ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Traumatic Brain Injury Association of Finland Pia Kilpeläinen, Editor-in-Chief and Communications Manager +358 (0)50 306 7916, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:pia.kilpelainen@aivovammaliitto.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"pia.kilpelainen@aivovammaliitto.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute Sari Hartonen, Senior Meteorologist +358 (0)29 539 3444, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:sari.hartonen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"sari.hartonen@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Finnish Road Safety Council Eero Kalmakoski, Contact Manager +358 (0)20 7282 380, eero.kalmakoski@liikenneturva.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"About the campaign: ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Finnish Red Cross Anna Ranta, Health Promotion Planning Officer +358 (0)40 480 6973, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:anna.ranta@redcross.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"anna.ranta@redcross.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.facebook.com/kotitapaturma"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kotitapaturma’s Facebook","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" | ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://twitter.com/kotitapaturma"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kotitapaturma’s X","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" | ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.kotitapaturma.fi/pysy-pystyssa-testi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Take the Stay on Your Feet Test","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Campaign partners:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" The Traumatic Brain Injury Association of Finland, EHYT Finnish Association for Substance Abuse Prevention, Finance Finland, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities, the Finnish Road Safety Council, Luustoliitto, LähiTapiola, Nikander and Wiinikka Oy, Partioaitta, the Finnish Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, the Finnish Red Cross, Taitavat Suutarit ry, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"*The Finnish Road Safety Council surveyed Finns' thoughts on traffic in April 2024. The survey, conducted by Norstat Oy, included 2,015 respondents. **673 respondents reported slipping.","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Safety","Weather"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"40XB6ul2Rh7XTr2BtBR4Aj","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-01-09T10:13:17.545Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-09T10:13:17.545Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":27,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"2024 warmer than usual in Finland ","leadParagraph":"Northern Lapland and the south of the country had an exceptionally warm year in many places. In a large part of the country, the annual precipitation rate was higher than usual. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6efpYzrjvNnibRJBrZLiVA","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-01-09T09:51:35.386Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-09T09:51:35.386Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Joulukuu 2024 kuva EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4iNvmQYtNTXqfXuDLH0BDi","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-01-09T07:35:04.624Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-31T13:51:31.144Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"milloin-kevat-alkaa-cardlink-1200x675px-01","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4iNvmQYtNTXqfXuDLH0BDi/2ce0c3562baf18dc37fdb380ca2b4696/milloin-kevat-alkaa-cardlink-1200x675px-lowres.jpg","details":{"size":96686,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"milloin-kevat-alkaa-cardlink-1200x675px-lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Although last year began with colder weather than usual, from May onwards the remainder of the year was warmer than the norm. The average temperature for the whole country was ca. 4.0 degrees, which is 1.1 degrees more than the long-term average for 1991‒2020. The average temperature for the year varied from around +8 degrees in the Southwest Archipelago to about -1 degrees in Northwestern Lapland. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The largest deviation from the long-term average was in Northern Lapland, where it was 1.7 degrees warmer than the average for the reference period. The annual average temperature was exceptionally high in this area, and at many observation stations the annual average was the warmest in the station's history. It was an exceptionally warm year in many places in the southern part of the country, and in other parts of the country it was also an unusually warm year. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Only January and April were colder than usual throughout the country. All other months were warmer than the norm.  From May onwards, there were eight consecutive months when it was warmer than usual. September was once again ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/press-release/7IVvGrWMhw2zTWmLrbuRKJ"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"record warm","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":", following a record warm September in 2023. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A long period that is warmer than usual is also evident in the accumulated thermal time sum: The thermal time sum in 2024 has been exceptional in almost the entire country. With the exception of the western part of the country, observation station-specific records have been recorded at nearly every station, and even in the west of the country, coastal and sea stations have seen record temperatures. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Last year’s highest temperature was 31.4 degrees on 28 June in both Savilahti in Kuopio and Asemantausta in Heinola. The lowest temperature of the year, -44.3 degrees, was recorded on 5 January at Enontekiö Airport. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More precipitation than the norm in the west, less than usual in the east","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In a large part of the country, the annual precipitation rate was higher than usual. It was even unusually or exceptionally rainy in some western parts of the country.  There was a more even area in the eastern part of the country, where annual precipitation was below the averages for the reference period at all observation stations. February and April were the year's rainy months, while it rained far less than usual in May. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The highest annual precipitation rate was observed at the Tuorila observation station in Merikarvia, where it rained 921.4 mm. Total precipitation was lowest in Kevo, Utsjoki, where it was 408.6 mm. The highest amount of precipitation per day, 70.6 mm, was recorded at Kokemäki's Rausenkulma on 10 August. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The greatest snow depth for the year, 127 cm, was recorded in Paljakka in Puolanka on 8 April. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Snow cover varied in December ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The average temperature in December 2024 varied between approximately +3 degrees Celsius in the Southwestern Archipelago and -11 degrees in Northern Lapland. In the northern part of the country, the deviation from the average temperature for the 1991–2020 reference period varied from cold to warm, but the average temperature was still mostly normal. Elsewhere throughout the country, December temperatures were between 0.5 and 5 °C higher than average. The lowest temperature of the month, -38.2 degrees, was recorded at the Tulppio observation station in Savukoski on 15 December. The highest temperature of the month, +9.2 degrees, which was recorded at the Pori Airport on 2 December. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Precipitation in December was higher than usual in the southern and western parts of the country and in Central and Northern Lapland. A strip from North Karelia to Tornio was the area that lagged behind normal precipitation levels the most. The greatest amount of precipitation for the month, 115.4 mm, was measured in Koivuniemi in Vironlahti. The lowest amount of precipitation, 18 mm, was recorded in Hailuoto's Keskikylä.  The greatest amount of precipitation in a single day was 33.1 millimetres, which was measured in Virolahti's Koivuniemi on 19 December. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The ground remained covered in snow throughout December mainly in Lapland. After mid-December, almost all of Finland gradually got a snow cover, but towards the end of the month it melted on the country's southern coasts. At the end of the month, there were 0-10 centimetres of snow in the south of the country, 10-25 centimetres in the central part and 20-60 centimetres in the northern Finland. The deepest snow in December was measured on 30 December in Enontekiö's Kilpisjärvi where the snow depth was 98 centimetres.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In December, 0–40 hours of sunshine were recorded, which is close to the typical number in December. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information: ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/normal-period"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climatological normal period","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Meteorologists use the word exceptional when the statistical likelihood of the occurrence of a weather phenomenon is on average three times or fewer in 100 years. A phenomenon is seen as rare when it occurs less frequently than once every ten years on average.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Climate","Weather","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5XHPoF7aKBTKxGhcuaVYOX","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-01-07T13:12:16.409Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-07T13:12:16.409Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"The aurora was visible down to exceptionally low latitudes in May 2024","leadParagraph":"On 10 May 2024, the strongest geomagnetic storm in over 20 years took place. During the storm, the aurora was observed down to exceptionally low latitudes. Pictures taken by citizen scientists provided researchers with invaluable data, given that there are very few instruments dedicated to auroral research in those areas.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"164601ags0geYc1fy3RpTM","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2025-01-07T13:07:24.514Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-07T13:08:48.149Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Revontulia Helsingissä 11.5.2024 Emma Bruus","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4MqoR4QxwffnGBQSzTC3AO","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2025-01-07T13:04:39.730Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-07T13:04:39.730Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Revontulia Helsingissä 11.5.2024 Emma Bruus","description":"revontulet, revontuli, Helsinki","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4MqoR4QxwffnGBQSzTC3AO/78432521fc7df3e619b61eda5c50aa14/20240511_EmmaBruus_HelsinkiFI_DSC00351-DSC00354.jpg","details":{"size":163600,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"20240511_EmmaBruus_HelsinkiFI_DSC00351-DSC00354.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Auroras in Helsinki on May 11, 2024. Photo: Emma Bruus.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In 2024, solar activity was near the maximum of its 11-year cycle. As a consequence, exceptionally magnificent auroras were seen this year all the way to central Europe, and even further south. The 10 May geomagnetic storm was the first extreme space weather event to occur during the era of smartphones and social media. This allowed millions of people from all around the world to witness exceptional auroral displays and share their observations online.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The international ARCTICS Working Group (Auroral Research Coordination: Towards Internationalised Citizen Science) collected citizen scientist observations during the storm. The ARCTICS collaborators gathered 696 responses from over 30 countries through an online survey and added these to 186 auroral observations submitted to the Skywarden database. In this way, the researchers gained insights into the effects of the storm and the extent of the auroras. The results are now published ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-297-2024"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"in the Geoscience Communication scientific journal","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The analysis of the collected data indicated that the aurora on 10 May was visible down to the mid-latitudes: in Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South America, Africa, as well as in some parts of Asia. This suggests that the auroral oval extended further equatorwards than predicted by models.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The reports often mentioned red and purple or pink colours, which were even visible to the naked eye, in addition to the green.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“The red hues in the aurora indicate that the precipitating electrons coming from space and responsible for the aurora contained large amounts of so-called low-energy particles. These particles end up above 150 km altitude in the atmosphere”, says researcher ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Maxime Grandin","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A free guide book to help citizen scientists and researchers leverage citizen science auroral observations","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The authors of the study also discuss the limitations of the collected data set and propose solutions to improve the data collection. One way to increase the usability of citizen science auroral observations is to provide recommendations and guidelines. Such guidelines are useful both to citizen scientists who strive to collect scientifically usable data and to researchers who wish to include citizen scientists in their research.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The ARCTICS Working Group released a free guide book containing practical advice for citizen scientists and researchers. The ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://kherli.github.io/Aurora-Field-Guide-And-Handbook"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Aurora Field Guide and Handbook for Citizen Science","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" includes information on auroral physics, tips for making observations, and how researchers and citizen scientists can interact with each other and collaborate to make new scientific discoveries.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher Maxime Grandin, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:maxime.grandin@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"maxime.grandin@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Scientific article is available ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-297-2024"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"in the Geoscience Communication scientific journal","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Reference: Grandin, M. et al. (2024). The Gannon Storm: Citizen Science Observations from the Geomagnetic Superstorm of 10 May 2024. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Geoscience Communication","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"7","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", 297–316. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-297-2024"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-297-2024","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information on the aurora:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/auroras-and-space-weather"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Aurora and space weather conditions in Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.taivaanvahti.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Ursa: Skywarden website","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Research","Space"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2QzadXJ9B8E3nv4iDK2QSI","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-18T08:40:19.696Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-18T08:48:55.571Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":28,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"puheenvuoro","title":"Why is there currently so little snow in Lapland?","leadParagraph":"Tourists have also noticed that Southern and Central Lapland currently have less snow than usual for this time of year. The low snow depths in northern areas can be attributed to low precipitation in November and December, natural weather variability, and climate change. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6dRDOxpAz0sCUN7cF6PWNV","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-18T08:26:39.778Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-18T08:26:39.778Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Poro Lappi Pexels EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"37mWvs7o14LXD5L5EZLLG","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-12-17T12:22:12.133Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T12:22:12.133Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"pexels-katja-rutsch-1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/37mWvs7o14LXD5L5EZLLG/a6f061b113f612cdffd550cc8d75d57b/pexels-katja-rutsch-1200px.jpg","details":{"size":562992,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"pexels-katja-rutsch-1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Katja Rutsch / Pexels."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In Southern Lapland, some weather observation stations currently report snow depths of less than ten centimeters. For example, at Kemijärvi Airport, the snow depth on December 17 at noon was only five centimeters. These snow depths are exceptionally low for the season, occurring less than once every 30 years on average.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Snow cover is also below normal across much of Central Lapland. In Sodankylä, for instance, the snow depth is approximately 20 centimeters, which is 10–15 centimeters less than usual for this time of year. The situation is better in Northern Lapland, where snow cover is slightly below average only in some areas.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"By comparison, in mid-December last year, Southern and Central Lapland had normal or slightly above-average snow depths. Snow cover ranged generally between 25 centimeters and half a meter.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The last time snow depths were this low was around 20 years ago ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The last time Southern Lapland had so little snow was in 2006 when several Finnish Meteorological Institute observation stations reported no snow cover at mid-December. However, additional snow fell on December 15 and 16 of that year.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In Central Lapland, low snow depths at mid-December were especially notable in 1989, when snow cover in Western Lapland, around the Pello area, was approximately five centimeters. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Similarly, in 2000 and 2003, Southern Lapland had less than five centimeters of snow in some places by mid-December, and in Central Lapland, snow depths were generally under 20 centimeters.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"December has been drier than usual","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"This year, November in Southern and Central Lapland was mild and had little precipitation. During the first half of the month, some areas in Eastern Lapland received only a couple of millimeters of precipitation, while the Rovaniemi region and Southwestern Lapland had around ten millimeters, part of which fell as rain.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A mild period lasting several days with westerly and southwesterly winds occurred in early November. By its conclusion on November 9, many observation stations in Lapland reported snow depths of zero centimeters. The snow situation improved slightly on November 21, when storm Jari brought about five centimeters of snow to Southern and Central Lapland.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In late November, there was one more significant frontal precipitation system that brought part of its precipitation as snow and part as rain to Lapland, which again limited snow cover growth. As a result, December began with generally low snow depths across Lapland, except in Northern Lapland.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"So far in December, precipitation has been below average in Southern and Central Lapland. This is largely due to natural weather variability and two high pressure systems bringing mostly dry and cold weather in December.  Snow accumulation has not gained much momentum in December either.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"52wiV4RbFgLtK1uwRDhkph","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-18T08:48:15.914Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-18T08:48:15.914Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Lumensyvyys joulukuu 2024 EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"173Q2DjGhVjOCSISdHmVXu","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-12-17T12:30:21.007Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T12:30:21.007Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Lumen-syvyys-puheenvuoro kartat 1200x675","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/173Q2DjGhVjOCSISdHmVXu/f455066f9580893195d6044f8a7cfc6b/Lumen-syvyys-1200x675.png","details":{"size":277602,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Lumen-syvyys-1200x675.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"In the left map (Map 1), snow depth on December 17, 2024. In the right map (Map 2), average snow depth on December 17 during the climate reference period 1991–2020."}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Snow affects tourism, nature, and people","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Low snow cover has various impacts in Lapland. Especially, at the beginning of winter, it negatively affects one of Lapland's most important industries: tourism. For instance, ski resorts face higher costs when there is insufficient natural snow for ski tracks and slopes.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sparse snow cover also affects animals and plants in many ways. For some people, low snow cover in early winter may exacerbate symptoms of seasonal affective disorder, such as fatigue, low mood, and lack of motivation.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"blockquote","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Lapland is warming faster than the rest of Finland due to climate change.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Lapland is warming faster than the rest of Finland due to climate change. It is therefore not surprising that, especially in November, snow cover in southern Lapland remains limited in some years. This is partly because precipitation increasingly falls as rain and partly due to more frequent mild weather periods.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"When we combine a warming climate with Finland's typical high variability in weather and the fact that more than half of winter is still ahead, we gain at least a moderate understanding of why Southern and Central Lapland currently have so little snow. As I write this, weather forecasts for the end of this week and Christmas week show signs of at least two low-pressure systems, which will likely increase the snow depths. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Petteri Pyykkö","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Meteorologist, Finnish Meteorological Institute ","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/snow-statistics"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Snow statistics","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/christmas-weather"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Christmas weather","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Weather","Climate","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"69n7u2TKtIc9fhAvg9PoXv","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-17T13:42:44.389Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-18T09:58:22.765Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":36,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Early Warnings for the Most Vulnerable – Finnish Meteorological Institute Developing Weather Services in East Africa","leadParagraph":"The dissemination of early warnings in villages is being developed and tested in collaboration with the Finnish Red Cross and the Red Cross societies of Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania during the spring 2025 rainy season.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7C3uPAzdtfWZVaN7c9lDxy","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-17T13:30:48.980Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T13:30:48.980Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kenia Pixabay EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2K9rRTc3U2HoQu5y2yWxD0","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-12-17T09:04:42.521Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T09:04:42.521Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"kenia pixabay","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2K9rRTc3U2HoQu5y2yWxD0/f009129f27c5c06b7defa9918081d2f2/kenia_pixabay.jpg","details":{"size":442698,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"kenia_pixabay.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Pixabay."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Finnish Red Cross are assisting weather services and national Red Cross societies in ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Eastern African countries to develop weather early warnings","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" and communication strategies aimed at reaching the most vulnerable citizens. Early warning systems are being co-developed with village communities in Turkana, Kenya; Rubawu, Rwanda; and Kilosa, Tanzania. More accessible warnings will be tested during the next rainy season from March to May 2025.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Red Cross organizations have identified challenges and opportunities for improving early warnings and communication through local-level studies conducted in the project target countries. Meanwhile, Rwanda's meteorological services have been modernized, with support provided for tailoring and automating weather and early warning products for different communication channels.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute has supported its sister institutions in Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania in developing weather, early warning, and climate services under the ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/news/4n1Unb3dNcboqeYxp4d50J"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"FINKERAT project","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" since 2022.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Accessible Weather Warnings Save Lives","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In a rapidly changing world where climate change intensifies extreme weather events, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"the early warning systems and proactive action are increasingly vital for protecting people and their environments","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":". This requires more accurate weather forecasts, accessible weather and early warning products, and more efficient communication between meteorological services, disaster management authorities, and local communities to enable timely responses.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"Early warning systems must produce clearer, more accessible, and ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"regionally accurate weather warnings that provide people in the vulnerable situation enough time to take action","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":",\" emphasizes ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Anne Hirsikko","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Project Manager at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"An inclusive approach is essential to ensure weather forecasts and warnings are accessible to everyone, thereby reducing inequality in receiving, understanding, and responding to forecasts.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The development of early warnings in FINKERAT countries has been advanced using co-development methods to ensure the needs and expectations of target audiences are met effectively. Additionally, guidelines have been prepared for weather service providers to help make warnings more accessible and practical, particularly for vulnerable groups. The guidelines also support collaboration between organizations and communities.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"In the coming years, the goal is to expand these lessons and operational models to even more communities so that no one is left without early warnings,\" Anne Hirsikko concludes.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4PDahUnmuUjinDj8tRWSqq","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-17T13:38:04.287Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T13:38:37.348Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kigal ryhmäkuva","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6cavuPcnKUFfk8sirSM2Pq","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-12-17T09:07:27.437Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T09:07:27.437Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kigal ryhmäkuva ruanda","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6cavuPcnKUFfk8sirSM2Pq/16060377c75bb5e1f8784d19253efa2f/Kigal_ryhm_kuva_ruanda.jpg","details":{"size":629054,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Kigal_ryhmäkuva_ruanda.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Stakeholder Meeting in Kigali on November 27, 2024. Photo: Finnish Red Cross."}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1sqg5UDWxzT454GAOefzoc","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-17T13:39:53.693Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T13:39:53.693Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Ruanda Punainen Risti 2024","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"18c3qd13Oqyn1ChmInG2jd","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-12-17T09:08:53.491Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-17T09:08:53.491Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Ruanda-Punainen-Risti 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/18c3qd13Oqyn1ChmInG2jd/50650d1a6d930a6ef92e39f568ff688e/Ruanda-Punainen-Risti_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":441354,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Ruanda-Punainen-Risti_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Dar Es Salaam 28.8.2024. Photo: Finnish Red Cross. "}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Project manager Anne Hirsikko, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. 050 468 6753, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:anne.hirsikko@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"anne.hirsikko@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Regional Manager of East Africa Sanna Salmela-Eckstein, Finnish Red Cross, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:sanna.salmela@finrc.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"sanna.salmela@finrc.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/international-consulting-services"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"International expert services","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["International co-operation"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3jNwGBZ93krztjIDaHCIRE","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-05T09:31:01.699Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-05T09:31:01.699Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":23,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Autumn was unusually warm","leadParagraph":"This autumn was the warmest in the recorded history at many observation stations on the southern coast and in the eastern part of the country.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2im8xPrUbNoPC0GUEwwstE","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-05T09:24:53.870Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-05T09:24:53.870Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Marraskuu Pixabay","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"QlJLmq7w4G79vakwCBwNR","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-12-01T10:56:23.500Z","updatedAt":"2020-12-01T10:56:23.500Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Marraskuu Pixabay","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/QlJLmq7w4G79vakwCBwNR/ad4c7570165c558b9384ad27e78a9de5/verkkoon_marraskuu_pixabay.png","details":{"size":939747,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"verkkoon_marraskuu_pixabay.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Pixabay."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, this autumn (September–November) was unusually or exceptionally warm almost throughout the whole country. For example, Rankki in Kotka recorded the warmest autumn of its observation history of over 90 years.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"‘The average autumn temperature in the entire Finland makes this the fourth warmest autumn in our recording history. Autumn 2020 was the warmest one and only about 0.17 degrees warmer than this autumn,’ says meteorologist ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Pauli Jokinen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature in the autumn varied from about 1 degrees in north-west arm of Finnish Lapland to +10 degrees along the country’s southern coast. The highest temperature for the month, 28 degrees Celsius, was recorded in Kaarina and Turku on 5 September. The lowest temperature, -27.3 degrees, was measured at Tulppio in Savukoski, on 28 November. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation levels were higher than usual in the western part of the country and in Northern Lapland, while the area from North Karelia to South Karelia remained below the long-term average. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to preliminary data, precipitation was the highest at the Helsinki-Vantaa airport, where the precipitation level was 316.5 millimetres in the September-November period. The lowest amount of precipitation, 105.4 millimetres, was recorded at the Mekrijärvi observation station in Ilomantsi.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"November was milder than usual everywhere in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature in November varied between approximately +5 degrees in the south-western archipelago and -5 degrees in Central Lapland. The average temperature was mostly 1‒2 degrees above the average of the reference period 1991‒2020; in Northern Lapland, the average temperature was 3‒4 degrees above the average. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature of the month, 12.6 degrees, was measured at Nellim in Inari on 8 November. The lowest temperature of the month, -27.3 degrees, was measured at Tulppio in Savukoski on 28 November.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"High precipitation levels in the west in November","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation in November was higher than usual in the southern and western parts of the country and in Northern Lapland, and in places from Uusimaa to Pirkanmaa it was unusually rainy. In North Ostrobothnia and Southern Lapland, precipitation levels were lower than usual. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to preliminary information, precipitation in November was the heaviest in Pirttikoski in Hämeenlinna, at 137.3 millimetres. The lowest rainfall was at the Kemijärvi airport, 23.2 mm. The highest volume of precipitation recorded in a single day, 43.9 millimetres, was measured at the Sallila observation station in Huittinen on 25 November.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the end of November, there was snow mainly in the area from Kainuu to Lapland (5–20 centimetres) and in Northern Lapland (20–40 centimetres).","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On 1 November, the storm Lyly caused snowfall in the southern and western parts of the country, and the Kylmäpihlaja observation station in Rauma measured the first hurricane-level reading in Finnish sea areas: the average wind speed reached 33.5 m/s. On 20–21 November, the storm Jari also brought snow in its wake to the southern and central parts of the country, but by the end of the month, the snow from both storms had mostly melted in the southern and central parts of the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In November, hours of sunshine ranged from 6 hours in Kevo in Utsjoki to approximately 43 hours in Artukainen in Turku. The number of sunshine hours was usual.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/statistics"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"See past weather statistics in the Download observations service","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service on weekdays, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2x1lSfhs1MDhD0VieszC2p","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-12-02T13:00:02.506Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-02T13:00:02.506Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"The co-operation negotiations of the Finnish Meteorological Institute have ended","leadParagraph":"As a result of the negotiations, approximately 16 employment contracts will be terminated. In addition, savings will be achieved through e.g. operational efficiencies, retirements, and the expiration of fixed-term employment contracts.","content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) will reduce tasks in research, technical, administrative, operational, and observation functions. As a result of these changes, the employment contracts of up to 16 individuals will be terminated. Efforts will be made to reassign employees under the threat of dismissal to other positions within FMI, in accordance with statutory obligations, potentially reducing the final number of dismissals.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Cost savings will also be achieved from streamlining operations, termination of fixed term contracts and retirements. The observation networks maintained by FMI will be downsized, and some observation stations will be discontinued during 2025-2027. Additionally, the marine weather forecasts produced for the Finnish Broadcasting Company’s radio channels are planned to be automated during 2025.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"”The cooperation negotiations were conducted in a very constructive spirit with our shop stewards. It is very regrettable that we have to dismiss skilled and competent personnel. There is a strong need for our data and services in the society and in business. We want to meet this need also in the future”, says FMI’s Director General ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Petteri Taalas.","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The co-operation negotiations, which began in October, aimed to identify ways to achieve the savings target set for FMI. FMI faces a permanent budget cut of approximately €6.1 million by 2027. Of this amount, about €4.4 million must be achieved by 2025. The savings target set for FMI is part of the government’s productivity program. At the start of the negotiations, it was estimated that the reduction need would affect up to 30 employees. FMI has approximately 760 employees, of which over half work in research functions. The funding for research comes mainly from external sources.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Director General Petteri Taalas, tel. 050 341 3460","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Director of Administration Marko Viljanen, tel. 050 584 1790","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Finnish Meteorological Institute"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4wXYuGY63T9obBU5Jm1Ym5","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-11-05T10:20:08.796Z","updatedAt":"2024-11-05T10:44:21.912Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"October was unusually warm throughout Finland","leadParagraph":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, October was unusually warm throughout the whole country and exceptionally warm in some places. Average temperatures for the month varied between approximately 0 degrees in Enontekiö and +10 degrees in the Southwest Archipelago.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1Z9uvuiejqfnsUi1NkBwl","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-11-05T10:15:01.550Z","updatedAt":"2024-11-05T10:15:01.550Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Syksyn lehdet 1200 px EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3pMA4i7tWbzEv7IzH6TTT1","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-11-01T07:41:46.848Z","updatedAt":"2024-11-01T07:41:46.848Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"syksynlehdet eija vallinheimo1200x675","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3pMA4i7tWbzEv7IzH6TTT1/f549f0def89ac5c92795a70bec603f1c/syksynlehdet_eija_vallinheimo1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":270528,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"syksynlehdet_eija_vallinheimo1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Eija Vallinheimo","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"October was between 1 and 2.5 degrees warmer throughout the country than the average for the reference period 1991–2020.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"At many observation stations in the Gulf of Finland, the average temperature in October was the warmest in the station’s measurement history. The high air temperatures in the Gulf of Finland are explained by the fact that sea water has been very warm in October. Surface water temperatures were approximately 2 degrees above the long-term average.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The highest temperature of the month, 15.9 degrees, was recorded on 11 October at the Kalbådagrund observation station in Porvoo. The lowest temperature of the month, -15.1 degrees, was recorded on 31 October at the Vuotso observation station in Sodankylä.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The coast of the Gulf of Bothnia received the most rain. According to preliminary information, precipitation was highest in Tuorila, Merikarvia, where it reached 117.3 millimetres. The lowest amount of precipitation, 23 millimetres, was recorded at the Pitkäaho observation station in Mikkeli. Precipitation in October was partly lower than usual in the east and south, and higher than usual on the west coast and in Western Lapland. The highest amount of rainfall in a single day, 58.4 millimetres, was measured at the Sjundby observation station in Siuntio on 9 October. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sunshine across the country and snow in the north","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"At the beginning of October, there was only sporadic snow cover in Northern Lapland. During the first half of the month, the snow cover briefly extended from Kainuu and across Koillismaa to Lapland, and it snowed again in this area in the last days of the month. Snow cover in Lapland was slightly lower than usual for the time period. Snow was at its deepest, 25 centimetres, in Enontekiö's Kaaresuvanto between the 12th and the 14th days.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"There were roughly 100-140 hours of sunshine in the southern parts of the country and 70-95 hours in the north. There was slightly more sunshine than usual in most of the country. Sodankylä’s Tähtelä had 95 hours of sunshine, which is nearly 40 hours more than the long-term average. Sodankylä sees this much sunshine less often than once in ten years.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/lokakuu"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"October weather statistics (in Finnish)","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"You can examine past weather statistics in the ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Download observations service","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Climate","Weather","Statistics"],"showEditedDatetime":false,"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1ujkmkktq6DjVZrMPjF7bm","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-10-21T12:40:12.634Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-21T12:45:43.101Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Reanalysis reveals how allergenic pollen in the air has changed over the decades","leadParagraph":"The increase in allergies, including plant pollen allergies, is commonly attributed to a “Western lifestyle,” as was suggested as early as the 1980s. But how significant is the role of the environment? Do we see an increase in airborne pollen explaining the growing number of allergies? Are pollens more allergenic now than they were 20 or 40 years ago?","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7AiH0edpg6uqkuexUrURO0","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2023-08-22T13:53:39.070Z","updatedAt":"2023-08-22T13:53:39.070Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Siitepöly koivu AdobeStock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1pEfHjQ9eEXtEylmhDLalw","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-09-14T07:32:25.909Z","updatedAt":"2021-09-14T07:40:23.624Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"siitepoly koivu AdobeStock","description":"siitepoly, koivu, AdobeStock","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1pEfHjQ9eEXtEylmhDLalw/0f6a0551c1c9d0241e8db5bd8ff24703/AdobeStock_22068906_siitepoly_koivu_www.png","details":{"size":1229464,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_22068906_siitepoly_koivu_www.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"altText":"Pollen from birches.","plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: AdobeStock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"To answer some of these questions, the Finnish Meteorological Institute has launched the European Pollen Reanalysis, covering the past four decades. The reanalysis brought together observation teams from 34 European countries, whose data were assimilated by the FMI's SILAM model.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“A retrospective assessment of allergenic pollen concentrations and their trends is important for understanding the epidemiology of pollen allergies, constructing exposure-response models, and ultimately helping people with allergies,” says the reanalysis’ principal investigator, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mikhail Sofiev","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The amount of tree pollen has not increased everywhere in Europe ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The first version of the reanalysis focused on allergenic trees: alder, birch, and olive. These trees bloom in the spring and in many parts of Europe, they start the allergy season. They are sensitive to rising temperatures, which means the flowering season now starts almost a month earlier than 40 years ago. However, the reanalysis showed that the amount of airborne pollen does not increase everywhere.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Trees generally follow a bi-annual cycle, meaning a high-pollen season is usually followed by a low-pollen season, and vice versa. This cycle, however, can be disrupted if spring and summer are particularly harsh (e.g., due to drought or heatwaves) or, on the contrary, if there is plenty of water and temperatures are favourable.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The reanalysis will help to understand these and other trends. Its first assessment made for the Lancet Countdown for Europe, largely confirmed the regional patterns of pollen abundance trends. More detailed studies and further expansions of the reanalysis are underway.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"“We are at the beginning of a very interesting journey,” continues Mikhail Sofiev. “The multinational team that came together to make this reanalysis possible is preparing to continue the work, and the developed technology opens new possibilities. The next versions of the reanalysis will cover more species, which are also important for agriculture, forestry, climatologists, biodiversity scientists, and other users.”","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5n3npZIE4fD1ETVcvh3Z2z","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-10-21T12:34:22.913Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-21T12:34:22.913Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"EN - Koivun kausittaiset siitepölymäärät","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"48gO8WsnWoq6fPi9mnI4Mx","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-10-21T12:14:29.847Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-21T12:14:29.847Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"trend SPIn birch pollen gridded ","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/48gO8WsnWoq6fPi9mnI4Mx/6009d2711f1552cdae6b9f5c10371897/trend_SPIn_birch_pollen_gridded_DecadalTrendsDiff_OIKEA_KUVA.png","details":{"size":198548,"image":{"width":1024,"height":688}},"fileName":"trend_SPIn_birch_pollen_gridded_DecadalTrendsDiff OIKEA KUVA.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"altText":"The map shows the seasonal pollen trend changes for birch in Europe. Higher increases are observed in Western Finland and some areas in Russia, while decreasing trends are seen in Southern Sweden and the Baltic countries.","plainTextImageCaption":"Difference of the decadal medians (1980–1989 and 2013–2022) of Seasonal Pollen Integral for birch. Regions with substantial increase of the season strength are depicted with yellow-red colours, regions where the birch seasons became less intense shown by blue colours. Image: Finnish Meteorological Institute","language":"EN"}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mikhail Sofiev \nResearch Professor, Dr. \nFinnish Meteorological Institute \ntel. +358 503 290 578\n","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:mikhail.sofiev@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"mikhail.sofiev@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"\n","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://norkko.fi/en/front-page/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Norkko.fi: Pollen information service in Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Scientific articles:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sofiev et al, (2024) European pollen reanalysis, 1980–2022, for alder, birch, and olive. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"NatureScientific Data,","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" 11, 1082. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03686-2"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03686-2","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Van Daalen et al, (2024). The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Lancet Public Health","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" S2468266724000550. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00055-0"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00055-0","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Research","Air quality"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7IVvGrWMhw2zTWmLrbuRKJ","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-10-11T12:01:12.048Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-11T12:01:12.048Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"September once again record warm in many places","leadParagraph":"The previous record-warm September was recently - a year ago. In places such as Sodankylä, the probability of a September this warm is approximately 23 times higher in the current climate than without climate change. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"G8vfIRp7cGHDYaByf6jPS","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-10-11T11:55:53.437Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-31T06:57:29.793Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Levi Immeljärvi syksy Tuija Vuorinen 1200px","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4HCSFT8LjhMIz6LiOmN9Ca","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-10-01T08:05:32.833Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-31T06:55:18.781Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Levi Immeljärvi syksy Tuija Vuorinen 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4HCSFT8LjhMIz6LiOmN9Ca/a12ce177c677ddb50de03b1c3c10c657/Inari_syksy_Tuija_Vuorinen_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":809449,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Inari_syksy_Tuija_Vuorinen_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"A lake and forest with autumn colours.","plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Tuija Vuorinen"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in September was record-high everywhere in Finland. The average temperature this year was 12.2 degrees. This shares the record with last year’s September. Comparable data extends to the early 20th century.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“It is unprecedented that the average temperature is record high during the same month in consecutive years in Finland,” said Meteorologist ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Pauli Jokinen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"September was record warm at observation stations in the eastern and northern parts of the country. For example, the average temperature in Tähtelä, Sodankylä was 10.3 degrees Celsius in September, which is the new record for September in the measuring history spanning over 110 years, breaking the old records from 1934 and 2023 by 0.3 degrees. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate change made the September in Sodankylä approximately 1.7 degrees warmer than what it would have been without the impact of climate change. The probability of a September this warm is approximately 23 times higher in the current climate than without climate change. The information is based on a peer-reviewed method by researchers at the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the University of Helsinki.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature in September varied between approximately 15 degrees Celsius on the southern coast to about 8 degrees in north-western Lapland. The deviation from the comparison period 1991–2020 was generally 2–4 degrees, with the largest deviation in eastern Finland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in September (28.0 degrees) was recorded on the fifth day of the month in Yltöinen in Kaarina and Turku Airport. This is the highest September temperature since 1968, when the record temperature was 28.8 degrees. The lowest temperature of the month, -9.8 degrees Celsius, was recorded in Vuotso, Sodankylä, on 23 September.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There were as many as eight hot days in September, which is a new record for hot days in September. The previous record - five hot days - was from 1968.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More sunshine than usual","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"September was rainier than usual in a strip extending from Uusimaa to Koillismaa, and in some parts of Central Finland and Northern Savo, it was even exceptionally rainy. Rainfall in this area was twice as high as usual. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On the other hand, there was less precipitation on the coast of Ostrobothnia and in places in the eastern part of the country than usual. Especially North Karelia only experienced about half of the normal rainfall in September. Among other places, Tohmajärvi had the least precipitation in the 116-year history of the station this September. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to preliminary data, the highest amount of precipitation was recorded in Lamminkäyrä, Lapinlahti (141.1 mm). The lowest precipitation levels were recorded in Pyhäselkä, Joensuu where the monthly precipitation was only 12.9 mm. The greatest precipitation in a single day, 57.4 mm, was recorded at the Jaurakkajärvi observation station in Pudasjärvi on 13 September.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The first snow was recorded in Kilpisjärvi, Enontekiö on the morning of 24 September with snow depth measured at three centimetres. First snow came a few days earlier than the median time of the comparison period 1991–2020. At the end of the month, there was only snow at the Inari Angeli Lintupuoliselkä observation station, where the snow depth was 11 centimetres.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In September, there were 130‒200 hours of sunshine. In both the south and the north, the sun shone 20‒40 hours more than usual.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A total of 3,641 cloud-to-ground lighting strikes were observed in September, below the average of 2,800.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/syyskuu"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"September weather statistics (in Finnish)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can examine past weather statistics in the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations service","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Statistics","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7MKg14xalhJyyz6pTGetW1","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-10-07T11:00:02.573Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-07T11:00:02.573Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute initiates cooperation negotiations – the estimated need for personnel reductions is maximum of 30 persons","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute has been set a savings target of 6.1 million euros by 2027.","content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Today, on 7.10. 2024, the Finnish Meteorological Institute has submitted a cooperation negotiation proposal to employee representatives. The negotiations will be initiated due to production-related and financial reasons.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The budget for the Finnish Meteorological Institute will face a permanent cut of approximately 6.1 million euros by 2027. Of this, around 4.4 million euros must be saved by 2025. The savings target set for the Finnish Meteorological Institute is part of the government's productivity program.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Planned cost-saving measures include personnel reductions. The estimated number of personnel reductions is maximum of 30 persons. In addition to cuts affecting personnel expenses, savings are also being sought in other areas of the Finnish Meteorological Institute's expenditures.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"In order to align the operations of the Finnish Meteorological Institute with the available operational budget, we unfortunately have to make targeted cuts to our activities. At the same time, we have identified a need to increase new kinds of expertise within our organization. There is strong demand for our weather and safety services, as well as for our high-level research, across various sectors of society. We want to ensure that we remain a competitive organization that serves the needs of society and our clients and promote safety also in the future,\" says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Petteri Taalas","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Director General of the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute employs approximately 760 people.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Director General Petteri Taalas, tel. 050 341 3460","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Director of Administration Marko Viljanen, tel. 050 584 1790","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"67taVdNmx280AohLtqL5ZW","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-27T07:28:48.889Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-27T07:28:48.889Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":21,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"artikkeli","title":"Modelling a digital twin of Finland’s water resources – the DIWA flagship provides information on changes in water systems","leadParagraph":"The DIWA flagship studies, among other things, how climate change or human activity affects waters. The role of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in the project is to research how snow affects other water resources.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4rG6mhYO5CkZrRonOxzhWA","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-27T07:27:46.395Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-27T07:27:46.395Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Jäinen järvimaisema Adobe Stock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6lT3t00RsJ6a93r0qeyrfO","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-09-05T08:34:13.249Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-05T08:34:13.249Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Jää talvi aurinko kuva: Adobestock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6lT3t00RsJ6a93r0qeyrfO/7e046d130317631888ae5bf65a8a124e/DIWA.jpg","details":{"size":153056,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"DIWA.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"A frozen lake, the sun is shining on the horizon in the background.","plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Digital Waters (DIWA) flagship programme focuses on Finland's water resources. The aim of the flagship is to create a digital twin of Finland's water resources, i.e. a computer model in which measurement data is entered in real time. The main focus of the flagship is on flowing waters, i.e. rivers and coastal waters.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is responsible for the snow component of the project and its role is to improve the modelling and measurement methods of snow as well as to study, among other things, how snow affects water resources.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"blockquote","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"One of the roles of the Finnish Meteorological Institute is to study how snow affects water resources.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"For example, we want to model where the snow is and how much, how it melts and what the impact of its melting is on other water bodies or on flooding in the spring,” says Principal Investigator ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Anna Kontu","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Snow plays a major role in water resources, both in Finland and globally. For example, when snow melts, a lot of water is released at once. Changes in the timing of melting or in the amount of snowfall affect plant growth, flooding and groundwater levels during the summer, among other things.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"On the other hand, snow is also a very important source of freshwater globally, which can also be used as drinking water.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"Snow and glaciers are important sources of freshwater, and one of the big problems is the shrinking and disappearing of glaciers. This prevents meltwater from flowing into rivers, which contributes to freshwater shortages in some places,\" Kontu says.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"The DIWA flagship focuses on modelling water resources from Finland's perspective, but in many cases the same research methods and modelling approaches can be used on a wider scale. Through this, DIWA's findings can also be useful globally.\"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Digital twin for scenario tracking ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The digital twin of water resources can be used for many purposes.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Modelling and water monitoring can be used, for example, to support decision-making when preparing Finland's and the EU's water policy. The impacts of climate change on water bodies can be modelled as well.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The digital twin will also make it possible to explore different water-related scenarios and extreme phenomena.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"blockquote","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The digital twin can be used to see what the consequences would be if the snow situation were different from the current one.","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"For example, we can use a digital twin to see what the consequences would be if there was a lot of snow in certain places or hardly any snow at all. So we can look at what the consequences would be if the snow conditions were different from today,\" says Kontu. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Like other flagship initiatives, the DIWA project aims to increase cooperation between different organisations and actors.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Work on the flagship has begun this year, so the project is still in its early stages. An important part of the project is the development of modelling methods and new measurement systems. In addition, a cloud environment is needed for running models and processing large data sets.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"DIWA is one of three flagship projects funded by the Research Council of Finland in which the Finnish Meteorological Institute is involved. The flagship is led by the University of Oulu and includes the University of Turku, the Department of Mathematics, Aalto University, the Finnish Environment Institute and the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute alongside the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The aim is to bring together the expertise of the institutions in the same project and to promote networking between researchers on the topic. The flagship is funded by the Research Council of Finland.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Previously published articles:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/artikkeli/3mzOtKlgEkDWV83vXoVr7A"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Research flagships produce impactful information for society’s needs","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/artikkeli/6OwbTTF8wU71HDyhLldFXW"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Working towards clean air and a safe climate – flagship initiative for the atmosphere and climate merges air quality and climate research in a unique way","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/article/7EMF5SkAc88IBJwK9OwiPS"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The FAME flagship developing a toolkit for mathematical methods for the needs of 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data.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"doSeciWagpW4782y6o5gm","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-23T11:54:49.268Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-23T11:54:49.268Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Ilmanlaatu kuvituskuva 1200px","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"70vO01AetFPMPMTvRKdJFI","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-09-23T11:50:39.922Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-23T11:50:39.922Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"ilmanlaatu kuvituskuva 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/70vO01AetFPMPMTvRKdJFI/cd63222f174ad678a3a30efcd1fbc36d/ilmanlaatu_kuvituskuva_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":440890,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"ilmanlaatu_kuvituskuva_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Kuva: Pexels."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The official start of the Twinning project “Air Quality and Environment” was marked by the kick-off event, held on September 12, 2024 in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, with the participation of the main beneficiaries, the Ministry of Environment, the Environment Agency, the Environment Protection Inspectorate, EU MS partner institutions, EU Delegation to the Republic of Moldova, Finnish, Lithuanian and Swedish Embassies.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In the context of the accession of the Republic of Moldova to the EU, this Twinning project aims to increase the pace of approximation and implementation of the acquis communautaire in the fields of air quality and air pollution reduction, environmental information, circular economy/waste management and sustainable management of chemical substances.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Within this two-year project, the Ministry of Environment, the Environmental Agency, the State Hydrometeorological Service and the Environmental Protection Inspectorate will benefit from the assistance of partner institutions from the European Union (EU), brought together in a consortium formed by the Finnish Meteorological Institute as the lead partner, the Lithuanian Environmental Project Management Agency (APVA) and the Swedish Chemicals Agency (KEMI) – as junior partners. This project will help the beneficiary institutions and other stakeholders to strengthen Moldova’s capacity to fulfil environment-related commitments, in line with the EU-Republic of Moldova Association Agreement, the EU Integration process and international agreements.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The event was opened by the Minister of Environment, Mr. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sergiu Lazarencu","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", the Ambassador of the European Union in the Republic of Moldova H.E. Mr. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Jānis Mažeiks","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", the Ambassador of Finland, Ms. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Leena Liukkonen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", the Ambassador of Lithuania, Mr. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Tadas Valionis","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" and the First Secretary of the Swedish embassy, Mr. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Thomas Alveteg","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":". ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"On this occasion, Mr. Sergiu Lazarencu expressed gratitude to the European Union and its Member States for their consistent support and assistance to the Republic of Moldova. The Minister emphasized the importance of the partnership in strengthening Moldova's capacities to align with the commitments towards the sustainable development of the environment and integration into the European Union. At the same time, the minister declared that this Twinning project was awaited and prepared for few years. The Project implementation team is from EU member states and is highly competent, bringing to Moldova its own success story in each component: Finland in air quality and environmental data, Sweden - in the field of chemicals, Lithuania - in waste management and circular economy. All these components directly affect the quality of life and are essential for a clean environment and a new model of economic growth, together with sustainable development for the benefit of citizens. Moldova needs European examples and practices to accelerate steps in these areas.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Ambassador of Finland, Ms. Leena Liukkonen, stated that Finland has already implemented several successful Twinning projects in Moldova together with other EU member states. Over the past decade, Finland has provided expertise and best practices to Moldova in three already completed Twinning projects. This new project guarantees continuity of cooperation with Lithuania and Sweden.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Project Leader, Director of Expert Services of the Finnish Meteorological Institute Mr. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Harri Pietarila","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" and Resident Twinning Adviser Ms. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Maija Ylinen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" presented the expected results and objectives of the project.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Over 50 participants, including representatives of state institutions, stakeholders, civil society, media, as well as international development partners attended the event.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"68MD8hMXTOUA7ZZBFEkEiW","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-23T12:35:13.402Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-23T12:35:13.402Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Moldova Twinning projekti launch ryhmäkuva 1200px","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5KHzn71J3IRPSSKWila0Zm","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-09-23T12:33:41.167Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-23T12:33:41.167Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"moldova ryhmäkuva 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5KHzn71J3IRPSSKWila0Zm/e048c14e2394b75c2f12054d85ac6426/moldova_ryhm_kuva_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":313054,"image":{"width":1200,"height":389}},"fileName":"moldova_ryhmäkuva_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"The official start of the Twinning project “Air Quality and Environment” was marked by the kick-off event, held on September 12, 2024 in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova."}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"F","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"urther information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Ms. Maija Ylinen, RTA, maija.ylinen@fmi.fi ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Air quality"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3P4EjFxe5j1SGSWVnHfB6w","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-23T11:27:49.056Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-23T11:38:13.363Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":23,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Sodankylä is a key European and Arctic supersite for the validation of numerical weather prediction models","leadParagraph":"Finnish Meteorological Institute’s observations from the Sodankylä supersite have had a central role in three recent research articles. The articles resulted from an international effort to make the few existing Arctic in-situ observations more easily accessible for numerical weather prediction model validation.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5nN4wq3LJpmANw0deoELv4","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-23T11:07:42.355Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-24T06:15:28.432Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Sodankylä Peatland Aleksi Riimali","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7L5ByA3q2PGlGrE5azzfsu","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-09-23T11:04:57.347Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-23T11:04:57.347Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Sodankylä peatland Aleksi Riimali","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7L5ByA3q2PGlGrE5azzfsu/ee6d4ed8c89faffb592920ae832d7ef7/peatland.png","details":{"size":1188268,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"peatland.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"altText":"Aerial view of snow-covered peatland with measuring equipment.","plainTextImageCaption":"Automatic measurements in the area include snow, soil, radiation and meteorological measurements. Addition measurements are carried out during specific experiments. Photo: Aleksi Riimali.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sodankylä’s observations were used to create Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs), which are standardized, well documented datasets facilitating data-model intercomparison in the circumpolar Arctic. Sodankylä’s MODFs will greatly enhance the validation and development of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models that provide daily weather forecasts over the Arctic and Europe. Until now, the model validation process required a lot of manual work to trace the data documentation and to convert the non-standardized versions of Sodankylä data into formats comparable to the model outputs. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The work was done in the framework of the WMO “Year of Polar Prediction site Model Inter-comparison Project” (YOPPsiteMIP), a flagship activity of the WMO's World Weather Research Programme. The work will be continued in the “Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services” (PCAPS) project.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sodankylä observations are unique in several ways","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sodankylä is the only supersite in Europe and in the Arctic having such a comprehensive and multidisciplinary set of land, snow, canopy and atmospheric observations. The supersite is part of numerous international observational networks: WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), WMO Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW), NASA/JPL/CalTech led TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network), European Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS), and GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN). This ensures that the observations follow rigorous standards.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Another distinct peculiarity of the Sodankylä supersite is the large number of towers and stations distributed within an area of a few square kilometers. The supersite is therefore a cluster of sites, enabling the capture of the spatial variability of the observed variables in the complex taiga environment, characterized by a mixture of dense and sparse forest, open fields, and swamp.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"WMO supports and promotes the long-term sustainability of the Sodankylä supersite, and the WMO project PCAPS will issue a blog article dedicated to the relevance of Sodankylä data for NWP community in the Arctic and worldwide. In the framework of ACCORD, a Consortium for Convection-scale modelling Research and Development, several European national meteorological services will apply the MODF concept and extend it to other European observatories to facilitate model-data intercomparison and drive model development.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sodankylä’s MODFs: \nEwan O’Connor, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:ewan.oconnor@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"ewan.oconnor@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" \nRoberta Pirazzini, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:roberta.pirazzini@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"roberta.pirazzini@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Sodankylä supersite: \nAnna Kontu, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:anna.kontu@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"anna.kontu@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"ACCORD: Carl Fortelius, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:carl.fortelius@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"carl.fortelius@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-3","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Scientific articles:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Papers describing Sodankylä’s data and the Merged Observatory Data File concept: ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"unordered-list","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5225-2024"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs): an integrated observational data product supporting process-oriented investigations and diagnostics","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},{"nodeType":"list-item","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3083-2024"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Special Observing Period (SOP) data for the Year of Polar Prediction site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP)","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Paper analyzing the discrepancies between Numerical Weather Prediction Model simulations and Sodankylä’s observations: 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","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University is the leader of national ratings, both institutional and educational programs. The university is very active in various Kazakh international research and development programs.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The memorandum signature meeting was attended by acting Deputy Chairman of the Board - First Vice-Rector of KazNU ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Erkin Duisenov","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Director General of RSE ‘Kazhydromet’ ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Danara Alimbayeva","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", Head of the Air Quality Department of the Finnish Meteorological Institute ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Katja Loven","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" and Deputy Head of Finland Mission in Kazakhstan ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Helena Bogdan","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Project Manager Julia Warley, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 432 4026, julia.warley@fmi.fi \n","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Air quality"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2N3CeVCT1RIS8UZJFez6NS","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-10T06:43:18.228Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-10T06:43:18.228Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":65,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Human activities are now responsible for at least two-thirds of global methane emissions","leadParagraph":"Atmospheric concentrations of methane, the second most important contributor to global warming, are increasing at the fastest rate of those used by the IPCC emission scenarios. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3im5PUo9qqbYeyrYKbVNIu","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-09T12:16:52.454Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-09T12:16:52.454Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Wetland Kuva: Dan Meyers / Unsplash.","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"41vXH9vpnXZ8LR0zBvDC4a","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-24T11:21:45.820Z","updatedAt":"2020-06-24T11:21:45.820Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Wetland Dan Meyers Unsplash","description":"kosteikko, ilmakuva, wetland","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/41vXH9vpnXZ8LR0zBvDC4a/ef5cc4d2262ae5c21ed7c83816b6dd8b/dan-meyers-TieB9BG7ud0-unsplash.jpg","details":{"size":708804,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"dan-meyers-TieB9BG7ud0-unsplash.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Dan Meyers / Unsplash."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researchers from the Finnish Meteorological Institute and international research institutes found that methane (CH₄) emissions due to human activities account for at least two-thirds of Earth’s total methane emissions. These include direct anthropogenic sources from fossil fuel exploitation and use, agriculture, waste handling, biomass and biofuel burning, and indirect sources from rivers and reservoirs. Among those, emissions from agriculture and waste sector (e.g., ruminants, rice paddies, landfills) are the largest, accounting for approximately twice of those associated with fossil fuels.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"They also found that global methane emissions from fossil fuels, agriculture and waste have continued to increase. Methane emissions from human activities are now 20 per cent or 61 million metric tons of CH₄ per year larger than two decades ago. Emissions from cows and other ruminants and from landfills and other waste both rose by approximately 15 million metric tons of CH₄ per year between 2000‒2002 and 2018‒2020, representing an increase of 14 per cent from agriculture and approximately 24 per cent from waste. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Fossil fuel emissions rose by an estimated 18 to 27 million metric tons of methane (18 per cent to 28 per cent), as estimated by different approaches. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"If this trend were to continue for the years after, this could jeopardize the success of the ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Global Methane Pledge","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":", international commitment to reduce methane emissions 30 per cent by 2030\", says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Aki Tsuruta, ","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Senior Research Scientist at Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Even wetland emissions have increased","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Emissions from aquatic ecosystems, and in particular wetlands, are climate sensitive. Natural emissions of methane from aquatic ecosystems such as wetlands, lakes, ponds and rivers are estimated to be 248 million metric tons of methane per year for the 2010 decade. Wetland emissions have increased by 4 per cent between the 2000s and the 2010s, mainly from the tropics and the mid-latitude regions. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In wetlands, methane is generally produced more actively in warmer and wet conditions. Therefore, rising temperatures was the primary driver of the increase while precipitation and rising atmospheric Carbon dioxide concentrations played secondary roles. This climate feedback on natural emissions may require a stronger reduction in anthropogenic emissions to limit climate warming. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Due to increased anthropogenic methane emissions, the Earth's atmospheric methane concentration reached 1923 parts per billion (yearly average) in 2023. This is 2.6 times higher than its pre-industrial (1750) level. Methane accumulation in the atmosphere has accelerated in the past decade, with higher growth rates over the past three years (2020‒2022) than any previous observed year since 1986 when reliable measurements began. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"This rate of increase follows the IPCC’s most pessimistic illustrative future GHG trajectories, which lead to global mean temperatures above 3°C by the end of this century\", says Aki Tsuruta.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Methane is more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide leading to human-induced global warming. Methane is a 28-times more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide over a time horizon of 100 years, but 80 times more powerful than carbon dioxide over a time horizon of 20 years. Since atmospheric lifetime of methane is about 10 years only, actions to reduce its emissions would have an effect in near future. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researchers at Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) contributed to the study by providing valuable measurements of atmospheric methane and state-of-art methane emission estimates from a top-down model. FMI has been measuring atmospheric methane from surface stations such as at Pallas-Sammaltunturi, Muonio, since 2004, and providing data and models for validation of satellite data for high latitudes. FMI also provides global and national estimates of methane budgets using top-down models using surface measurements and satellite retrievals. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Global Carbon Project","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" is an international research project within the Future Earth research initiative on global sustainability and a research partner of the World Climate Research Programme. It aims to develop a complete picture of the global carbon cycle and budgets of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, including both its biophysical and human dimensions, together with the interactions and feedbacks between them. This Global Methane Budget 2024 is the fourth such budget and the third one as a living data collection in the journal Earth System Science Data.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4cKGxOb2Fqh2F0HwomISDd","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-10T06:39:13.533Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-10T06:39:13.533Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Methane budget 2020 kuvituskuva","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"xi3QD6DgDbQKZ4RHgcInB","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-09-10T04:53:39.476Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-10T04:53:39.476Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"methanebudget2024","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/xi3QD6DgDbQKZ4RHgcInB/c2ca683b2ba4998e2d15664f1d747aee/methanebudget2024.png","details":{"size":322172,"image":{"width":1200,"height":721}},"fileName":"methanebudget2024.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Global methane budget 2020. Source: Global Carbon Project."}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Senior Researcsh Scientist Aki Tsuruta, Finnish Meteorological Institute, aki.tsuruta@fmi.fi  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Principal Scientist Tuula Aalto, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tuula.aalto@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Saunois et al. (2024) Global Methane Budget 2000-2020. Earth System Science Data. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-115"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-115 ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Jackson et al. (2024) Human activities now fuel two-thirds of global methane emissions. Environmental Research Letters ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6463"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6463","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Science news","Research"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5YqDjNb07wMCOKuYjBn8x8","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-05T07:58:59.051Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-05T07:58:59.051Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"August and summer were exceptionally warm in Lapland","leadParagraph":"Most of the observation stations in Lapland recorded the highest temperatures in measuring history in August and throughout the whole summer period from June to August.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4oSFOHOxRvvHs3T6JzsxS8","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-09-05T07:49:26.932Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-05T07:49:26.932Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pelto kukkia EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7ohR2NNNE9xb5LoJ4xQEB5","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-08-30T07:53:36.277Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-07T11:30:14.732Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"pelto elokuu layla höckerstedt FI","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7ohR2NNNE9xb5LoJ4xQEB5/ac358c6036aaecdac616077c99044274/elokuu_pelto_layla_hockerstedt_lowres.jpg","details":{"size":162072,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"elokuu_pelto_layla_hockerstedt_lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Layla Höckerstedt","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature for August varied between 14 and 16.5 degrees in the northern part of the country and between 15.5 and 18.5 degrees in the rest of the country. The weather was exceptionally warm at almost all the observation stations in Lapland. In Central and Northern Lapland, the month that just ended was the warmest August in recording history at many observation stations. Kevo in Utsjoki had the greatest deviation from the station’s average temperature for August, 4.5 degrees. At several northern observation stations, where August was not the warmest of all times, it ranked second in the statistics. In the southern and central parts of the country, August was warmer than usual, with some areas experiencing exceptionally warm weather.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There were 1–3 fewer hot days than usual in the southern and western parts of the country. In Lapland, the number of hot days was within the usual range, or there were 1–2 more hot days than usual. An exception to this was Kevo in Utsjoki, which, on average, has of one hot day in August, but this year, eight such days were recorded. This is Kevo’s new record for hot days in August. There were 13 hot days in the whole country in August, which is four days more than the average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature of the month, 28.4 degrees, was measured in Kevo, Utsjoki on 7 July. The lowest temperature, -0.6 degrees, was recorded in Naruska, Salla, also on 7 September. Of all the lowest temperatures documented for August in the digital daily statistics from 1959 onwards, this month’s lowest temperature stands out as the highest.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the western part of the country, precipitation was higher than average in many places, and some parts were exceptionally rainy. It rained less in the east and the north, and the monthly precipitation was unusually low at several stations. According to preliminary results, the Tulkkila observation station in Kokemäki received the highest amount of rainfall during the month, 172.1 millimetres. The lowest amount of precipitation, 31 mm, was recorded at Lake Mekrijärvi, Ilomantsi. The highest amount of daily precipitation, 70.6 mm, was recorded at the Rausenkulma observation station in Savonlinna, on 10 August. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In August, the number of thunderstorms was lower than average. Approximately 20,600 cloud-to-ground lightings were detected in Finland, which is about 3,700 less than average for August.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The number of sunshine hours was typical in the southern part of the country. The Tähtelä observation station in Lapland recorded an unusually large number of sunshine hours, and the Kevo station in Utsjoki measured the highest number of sunshine hours in recording history for August, 256.4 hours. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Lapland’s summer was record warm","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The average temperature for the whole summer, that is, June, July and August, was 1–2 degrees higher than usual in the southern and central parts of the country. In the southern and western parts, this meant a warmer summer than usual; in the east, many stations were exceptionally warm. The summer was exceptionally warm in the northern part of the country, and station-specific records for summer temperatures were broken at most of the stations. Deviations from average temperatures were largely between 2 and 3.5 degrees.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Tähtelä, Sodankylä, the average summer temperature was 15.9 degrees, which exceeds the previous record from 1937 by almost half a degree. Climate change made the summer in Sodankylä approximately 1.8 degrees warmer than what it would have been without the impact of climate change. The probability of such a warm summer in the current climate is approximately seventy times higher than without climate change. The information is based on a peer-reviewed method by researchers at the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the University of Helsinki.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The summer’s highest temperature, 31.4 degrees, was recorded in Asemantaus in Heinola and Savilahti in Kuopio on 28 June. The lowest temperature, -0.7 degrees, was recorded at Ylivieska airport on 5 June. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There were 63 hot days with temperatures exceeding 25 degrees in some parts of Finland between May and August, while the long-term average is 36 hot days. The period from May to August experienced the most hot days ever measured in Finland, even though the same number of hot days during this time frame was also noted in 2018. Of the individual observation stations, the largest number of hot days between May and August were recorded at the Konnunsuo observation station in Lappeenranta, 36 days. Kevo in Utsjoki had 25 hot days, which is the observation station’s new record. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The summer was rainy from the western part of the country to southern Lapland. In this area, rainfall was unusually high at some observation stations, and in the southwest, it was exceptionally high. In southern and eastern parts of the country and in eastern Lapland, summer precipitation levels were lower than usual. According to preliminary data, the highest amount of precipitation was recorded in Tulkkila, Kokemäki, 388.1 mm. The Russarö station in Hanko recorded the lowest amount of rainfall in the summer, 112.8 mm.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The summer was fairly typical in terms of the number of lightning strikes, but not in terms of their distribution over different months. Approximately 137,000 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes were detected by the end of August. The average for the normal period is approximately 113,000. The elevated number of lightning strikes towards the end of May and beginning of June resulted in an increase in the overall statistics for both months, while July and August saw a decrease in lightning activity compared to the average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In many places, there was slightly more sunshine than usual. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Meteorologists call a weather phenomenon ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/saa-on-harvoin-poikkeuksellinen"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"exceptional","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" when its statistical occurrence is three times or less in 100 years on average. A phenomenon is seen as rare when it occurs less frequently than once every ten years on average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"You can examine past weather statistics in the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations service","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. +358 600 1 0601 (€ 4.06/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1xZzdZSH1rK7NQ8MuTw2BN","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-08-06T06:37:24.323Z","updatedAt":"2024-08-06T06:37:24.323Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":20,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"July was warmer than usual, and Lapland had a lot of hot days and sunshine","leadParagraph":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, July was warmer than usual throughout the country. Depending on the observation station, Northern and Central Lapland was unusually or even exceptionally warm.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5uNhGtqoOKPx54bJqf6Ms9","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-08-06T06:29:52.339Z","updatedAt":"2024-08-06T06:29:52.339Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Lappi EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1bcuhMGDMWGPqEAyx3vfYC","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-08-01T06:34:23.426Z","updatedAt":"2024-08-01T06:34:23.426Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"poro tunturi kesa AdobeStock1200x675","description":"tunturi, poro, lappi, aurinko","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1bcuhMGDMWGPqEAyx3vfYC/2bd59bea2ffb2e2c6ff194534d48ce3f/poro_tunturi_kesa_AdobeStock1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":138340,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"poro_tunturi_kesa_AdobeStock1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: AdobeStock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The average monthly temperature in the northern part of the country was between 15.5 and 18 degrees Celsius, while in other parts of the country the range was 17 to 19.5 degrees Celsius. The deviation of the average temperature was largely 0.8...1.5 degrees, while in the northern part of the country the deviation was 2...3.4 degrees. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The number of hot days, i.e. days when the daily temperature exceeds 25 degrees, was somewhere in Finland 20 days, which is four days above the July average. The greatest number of hot days – a total of 14 – was measured in Kevo, Utsjoki. There have been approximately 5–12 hot days in the northern part of the country and in the south-east corner, 1–7 elsewhere. In north-east Lapland, the number of hot days has been unusually or exceptionally high. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The highest temperature of the month was 30.4 degrees, which was measured at Hiekkapakka, in Lappeenranta, on 26 July. The lowest temperature in July, 2.4 degrees Celsius, was measured at the Saariselkä Tourist Centre in Inari, on 4th of the month and in Naruska in Salla, on 14th of the month. This is the lowest July temperature recorded in the daily statistics since they were digitised in 1959.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"At the beginning of July, abundant rainfall in the northern part of the country ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The rainfall in July was higher than usual in the central and northern parts of the country; the first half of the month was even unusually or exceptionally rainy in the northern part of the country. In the southern part of the country, there was no significant deviation from the monthly average precipitation. There have been plenty of local differences in precipitation levels due to rain showers.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The highest precipitation of the month was 157.4 mm, at the Vaasa Klemettilä observation station. Fagerholm in Parainen saw the least rain, 37.1 millimetres. The greatest amount of precipitation observed in a single day was 44.2 mm, measured at Ranua Airport, on the 28th.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The number of sunshine hours almost equal in the south and north, but in the north higher than usual","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"On the southern coast of the country and in the southwest archipelago, July saw fewer hours of sunshine than usual. Throughout the country, the sunshine hours have remained below the observation stations’ averages, with the exception of Kevo in Utsjoki and Tähtelä in Sodankylä. In the entire country, there have been approximately 220–280 hours of sunshine per observation station, but only in the northern part of the country, such figures are statistically higher than the average.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Less than 38,000 cloud-to-ground lightings were detected in July. This is less than the average for the period 1991–2020, which is 54,300 cloud-to-ground lightings.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Meteorologists call a weather phenomenon exceptional when its statistical occurrence is three times or less in 100 years on average. A phenomenon is seen as rare when it occurs less frequently than once every ten years on average.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate in Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. 0600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Weather","Climate","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6YQEn0ia9JAa4PTPdCyOsX","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-07-10T08:16:46.377Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-12T08:04:20.968Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":44,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Finland supports Tanzania to become East-African leader in numerical weather prediction","leadParagraph":"The FINKERAT project engages Tanzanian, Kenyan and Rwandan national hydrometeorological services to enhance national and regional skills in severe weather forecasting and NWP modelling. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"72TET6puh0JfyhVWgTosBa","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-07-10T07:48:19.987Z","updatedAt":"2024-07-10T07:48:19.987Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Akaasia Tansania EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2GnvJvcjfZD9KwoZS3ic2z","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-07-10T07:37:34.279Z","updatedAt":"2024-07-10T07:37:34.279Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"akaasia tansania pixabay","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2GnvJvcjfZD9KwoZS3ic2z/ae32a641a9371690fbd8e7c2a37ff512/akaasia_tansania_pixabay.jpg","details":{"size":674724,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"akaasia_tansania_pixabay.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Pixabay."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) supports Tanzanian Meteorological Authority (TMA) to become East-African knowhow leader in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). With the support of FMI, the NWP team of TMA has increased its capacity in deterministic and seasonal forecasting as well as forecast verification. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Now TMA is taking the leading role in NWP model development and training within the East African region. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"FINKERAT project manager ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Anne Hirsikko","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":" summarizes: \"I am happy how the forecast modelling experts of TMA have taken the ownership of project implementation. During the past year of our collaboration, they have lifted their numerical weather prediction skills to the level where they can act as East African knowhow leader and trainer. This ensures sustainability in NWP skills and development in the region. The most important is that skill score in severe weather forecasting is foreseen to improve through enhanced local scale numerical prediction.\"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"FMI has long traditions in supporting sister organizations in developing countries to modernize their weather services and forecasting skills. The FINKERAT project engages Tanzanian, Kenyan and Rwandan national hydrometeorological services (NHMS) to enhance national and regional skills in severe weather forecasting and NWP modelling. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Practical lessons were shared between sister organizations","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Each FINKERAT country NHMS operates with Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model. Through the FINKERAT project FMI has supported the sister organizations to develop their technical, computational and scientific skills in severe weather forecasting to a new level. Currently, FINKERAT countries operates WRF model automatically and verify the forecasts with an open access Hirlam Aladin R Package (HARP) tool.     ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Now TMA is taking the leading role in NWP development and training within the East African region. During the last week of June 2024 in Dar Es Salaam, FINKERAT project, in collaboration with the WMO CREWS East Africa project, organized a hands-on workshop where Kenyan, Tanzanian and Ugandan NWP experts worked together towards automating WRF verification with HARP tool in each NHMS. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/news/4n1Unb3dNcboqeYxp4d50J"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute improves weather, early warning and air quality service capacity in East-African countries","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://wmo.int/projects/strengthening-hydro-meteorological-and-early-warning-services-east-africa-region-crews-east-africa"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Strengthening Hydro-Meteorological and Early Warning Services in the East Africa Region: CREWS East Africa","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Project Manager Anne Hirsikko, Finnish Meteorological Institute, anne.hirsikko@fmi.fi, tel. + 358 50 420 5345","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2aNIT4skYGtjO6i9sJNhMh","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-07-05T10:25:08.988Z","updatedAt":"2024-07-05T10:25:08.988Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"June started and ended with hot weather, rainfall varied","leadParagraph":"The beginning and end of June saw a heat wave, and temperatures were warmer than usual in most of the country. The monthly overall precipitation varied greatly by region. The average lightning rate for June was exceeded already on the first two days. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5Kycfh3hroMxHVlZIwmPnG","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-07-05T10:18:26.724Z","updatedAt":"2024-07-05T10:18:26.724Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kesähelle_Rantakivi_AdobeStock_EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4I6Jqo9i3dsTyAiwGkPXUS","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-07-01T05:57:33.793Z","updatedAt":"2024-07-01T05:57:33.793Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kesahelle rantakivi1200x675 AdobeStock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4I6Jqo9i3dsTyAiwGkPXUS/dd3e4c36caee5b54eea4513d6364f243/Kesahelle_rantakivi1200x675_AdobeStock.jpg","details":{"size":320666,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Kesahelle_rantakivi1200x675_AdobeStock.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: AdobeStock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, June was 1.5–3.5 degrees warmer than usual in most of the country. The greatest deviations were observed in Lapland, where the highest ever average June temperatures were observed at several stations with up to a 4°C difference compared to the average of the 1991–2020 reference period. The eastern part of the country was also warm, but deviations from station averages were rare. In northern parts of the country, the average temperature varied between 11 and 16 °C, and in other areas the variation was 14.5–18 degrees.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The start of the month brought hot weather throughout the country, which means that the highest temperature of the day was at least 25.1 °C in many places. The middle of the month saw a long period of no high heat, with the exception of the 17th. There was another long heat wave at the end of the month. In a typical June, hot days are reached on eight days of the month, but this year the hot-weather threshold was crossed on 14 days. There were more hot days than usual throughout Finland, even an unusually large number in the eastern part of the country. The temperature exceeded 30 degrees on four days.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in June, 31.4 °C, was measured in Savilahti in Kuopio and in Asemantaus in Heinola on the 28th. The lowest temperature of the month, -0.7 °C, was measured at Ylivieska Airport on the 5th, which is the lowest temperature of the month in Finland since 1961.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Rainfall varied greatly","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The precipitation levels for the month varied greatly in Finland: in the west and north, monthly precipitation levels were unusually high at several observation stations, while rainfall on the southern coast was lower than usual. There were more rainy days than usual in the northern and western parts of the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The location with the greatest amount of precipitation was Tulkkila in Kokemäki, which saw 135.9 millimetres of rain. The least precipitation for June was recorded at the Kaisaniemi observation station in Helsinki – 24.4 millimetres. The greatest amount of precipitation in a single day was at the Teeriranta observation station in Kuusamo – 59 millimetres on 18 June.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sun in the south, lightning at the beginning of the month","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The southern and central parts of the country saw more hours of sunshine than usual. On the south coast, the amount of sunshine was unusually high (370–390 hours). ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the beginning of June, more than 35,000 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes were observed between the 1st and 2nd day, which is slightly more than the average for the whole of June between 1960 and 2023. A total of 56,290 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes were observed during the month.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Meteorologists call a weather phenomenon exceptional when its statistical occurrence is three times or less in 100 years on average. A phenomenon is seen as rare when it occurs less frequently than once every ten years on average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. 0600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Climate","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4QloGFn9rIHdHgGkBc0dPE","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-06-29T11:28:10.192Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-29T11:30:38.218Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":16,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"Severe thunderstorms will cause wind damage in some areas in Kainuu and Kuusamo in the coming hours. ","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute has issued a public notification regarding the situation.","content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On Saturday, 29th June at 14:00, the Finnish Meteorological Institute issued a public notification stating that in Kainuu and Kuusamo, there will be strong thunderstorm gusts in the coming hours, which may cause wind damage in some areas.\n\r\nLoose objects should be secured before the wind strengthens. During thunderstorms, it is advised to stay indoors. When outdoors, beware of falling trees and fallen power lines. Emergency number 112 should not be called for inquiries about power outages or fallen trees. It should only be called in urgent emergency situations where life, health, property, or the environment is at risk.\n\r\nThe situation can be monitored on the Finnish Meteorological Institute's website and via their X account @meteorologit.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For more information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\r\n","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/warnings"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Current warnings ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\n\r\nWeather forecasts from the on-duty meteorologist 24 hours a day at 0600 1 0600 (cost 3.85 €/min + local network charge)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"showEditedDatetime":false,"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2uLW7hA24HLYgQB5kVKn9P","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-06-06T12:18:06.895Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-06T12:18:06.895Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"May was record dry and exceptionally warm in places ","leadParagraph":"In a large part of the country, the average temperature in May was considerably higher than usual, and the remainder of the month in particular was very warm. At the same time, the month had exceptionally low precipitation in many places. The whole spring was also clearly warmer than usual in most parts of the country. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3gGVIu0OPoXSxPt4lD4leH","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-06-06T12:10:53.881Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-06T12:10:53.881Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kuivuus Sofie Kåll Adobe Stock EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3utekGlntsYnRGdgn41UFq","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2023-12-11T07:42:04.695Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-03T15:11:31.823Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":19,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kuivaa saaristoa Ahvenanmaalla Sofie Kåll stock.adobe.com","description":"Kesä, kuivuus, Ahvenanmaa, helle, saaristo, Sofie Kåll AdobeStock 554061845","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3utekGlntsYnRGdgn41UFq/46e803caa0334b75fdeed1bcb19cb20c/AdobeStock_554061845_lowres.jpg","details":{"size":110680,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_554061845_lowres.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Sofie Kåll / AdobeStock."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In large parts of Finland, May started with rather warm temperatures, after which followed a clearly colder than usual period for a few days. The end of the month was very warm, which resulted in the month’s average temperature being unusually high in most places in Finland, even exceptionally warm in many parts of the western part of the country.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in May varied from approximately 14 degrees Celsius in the southern part of the country to about 5 degrees Celsius in Northern Lapland. The average monthly temperature in the western part of the country was 3-4 degrees higher than usual and 1-3 degrees higher than usual in the eastern and northern parts of the country. The last time that most parts of Finland experienced a warmer May than this was in 2018.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For example, in Kaisaniemi in Helsinki, the average temperature in May was 13.8 degrees Celsius. The month was about 1.8 degrees warmer than it would have been without the impact of climate change. The probability of such a warm May in the current climate is ten times higher than without climate change. The information is based on a peer-reviewed method by researchers at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"There were 16 hot days in May, which is the new record for hot days in May. The previous record, 14 hot days, was from 2018. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The month’s highest temperature, 29.9 degrees, was recorded on 31 May at the Hattula Lepaa observation station. The lowest temperature of the month, -13.2 degrees, was measured on 8 May at the Tulppio observation station in Savukoski.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Exceptionally little rainfall in many places in May","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In many places, May was exceptionally low in precipitation. Thus, new station-specific, low precipitation records for May were recorded nearly everywhere in the country. However, at the end of the month, in places heavy thunderstorms raised the precipitation levels of some individual stations close to the usual values of the month.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest precipitation in May (59.4 mm) was measured at the Savukoski village observation station. The greatest amount of precipitation in a single day, 43.4 millimetres, was measured in Mujejärvi, Nurmes on 30 May. The lowest precipitation during the month was recorded at the Mehtäkylä observation station in Kalajoki, where the precipitation was only 0.7 mm. According to preliminary data, Vihti in Hiiskula had the lowest rainfall in the station's measurement history with 2.8 mm. The station has been recording observations for 97 years. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Monthly accumulations of less than five millimetres were measured in May at approximately one in four observation stations that measure rainfall for the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Mid-May, there were still several dozens of centimetres of snow at observation stations in the northern part of the country, but by the end of May, the snow had melted away from all observation stations of the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Plenty of sunshine in May with more lightning than usual","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In May, the number of sunshine hours was considerably higher than usual, and in the southern and central parts of the country, it was even exceptionally high. For example, at the Ilmala observation station in Jokioinen, the sun shone for 384.6 hours in May, which is the highest reading in May in the 65-year measurement history of the observation station. However, May 2018 was even more sunny in places: at that time, more than 400 sunshine hours were measured at several observation stations in Southern Finland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ground discharges of lightning numbered about 22,400, which is over three times more than the average for 1991–2020 of about 6,600.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Spring was warmer than usual, but rainfall was typical of the time","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute statistics showed that the average temperature for all of spring, i.e. March-May, varied between about six degrees Celsius in the south to about -3 degrees in the north-west arm of Finnish Lapland. The average temperature was about 1 degree higher than usual in the whole country. The last time the southern and central areas were as warm in May as they were this year was in 2016.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Despite the dry May, spring had quite usual rainfall in a large part of the country. Spring precipitation was the highest, 171.4 millimetres, at the Kotila observation station in Puolanka. The lowest rainfall was in Pudasjärvi airport, 55.4 mm.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. 0600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Climate","Statistics"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1EndM2lbM9rim5lJIv0A8y","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-06-03T12:49:02.521Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-03T12:49:02.521Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":27,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Early climate action is the best insurance against uncertainties in climate sensitivity and carbon dioxide removal ","leadParagraph":"A new study highlights the importance of considering the inherent uncertainty in climate sensitivity in climate change mitigation strategies. Achieving climate targets becomes challenging if we overestimate our future abilities to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and if the climate warms more than current estimates. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4MhRuLyaMHqQr9yhiiQWbV","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-06-03T12:39:45.469Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-03T12:39:45.469Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Maisema Adobestock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1nGA9scGifH1PzCvRSdx3W","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-06-03T12:27:14.211Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-03T12:27:14.211Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Maisema vesistö 1200 Adobestock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1nGA9scGifH1PzCvRSdx3W/7053299e5cb8e4f0b90ab75cbc2118ef/Ilmasto_1200_Adobestock.jpg","details":{"size":211418,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Ilmasto_1200_Adobestock.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobestock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researchers at the Finnish Meteorological Institute modeled cost-effective pathways to limit global warming to 1.5°C relative to the pre-industrial climate. The study focused on the interaction between the uncertainties of carbon dioxide removal and climate sensitivity. Climate sensitivity refers to how much the climate warms in response to increasing carbon dioxide concentration. Large-scale removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is an essential part of the global mitigation pathways presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"If climate sensitivity turns out to be high, meaning the climate warms significantly due to emissions, it increases the costs of mitigating climate change because emission reductions need to be faster and more extensive. One significant new result of the study was that when the uncertainty of climate sensitivity is considered, potential misjudgments in the effectiveness of carbon dioxide removal become costly. However, a strategy that relies less on uncertain future carbon dioxide removal helped to reduce the risks associated with the uncertainties of climate sensitivity and carbon dioxide removal. Previous studies have barely addressed these combined uncertainties, and cost-effective scenarios for carbon dioxide removal have been primarily based on pre-assumed certainty in climate sensitivity and the effectiveness of carbon dioxide removal.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The new study is important for both policymakers and researchers as it emphasizes the importance of considering the uncertainties of climate sensitivity in climate change mitigation strategies. The results show that cautious assumptions about carbon dioxide removal can lead to more sustainable and cost-effective environmental policy actions. The study helps create a deeper understanding of the balance between carbon dioxide removal and emission reductions in global climate change mitigation strategies, highlighting the need for early and scientifically based actions to safeguard our planet. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Additional information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher Theresa Schaber, Finnish Meteorological Institute, theresa.schaber@fmi.fi, tel. +358 50 535 7950","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The scientific article is available on ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01456-x"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01456-x","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Schaber, T., Ekholm, T., Merikanto, J.","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"et al.","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Prudent carbon dioxide removal strategies hedge against high climate sensitivity.","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Commun Earth Environ ","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"5, 285 (2024). ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01456-x"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01456-x","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Science-news","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"pYt2uqqifqePHFda49qmg","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-30T06:23:50.838Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-30T06:23:50.838Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Some cold spells can be predicted better than others even three weeks ahead","leadParagraph":"Extended-range forecasts aim to predict weather conditions up to several weeks ahead. A new article showed when these forecasts are more likely to be trusted and what are the most typical reasons for forecast failures. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3qQkqemdIaY0jpOD9rocBM","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-30T06:20:58.774Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-30T06:20:58.774Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Meri talvella EN Pixabay","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7DinHBgBfTS2VFpVHxDdIW","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-25T09:56:23.737Z","updatedAt":"2020-06-25T09:56:23.737Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Meri talvella Pixabay","description":"talvi, lumi, rannikko, Suomi, auringonlasku, meri","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7DinHBgBfTS2VFpVHxDdIW/7f91a037db1f492a51968f7658d291ff/winter-2465427_1920.jpg","details":{"size":297206,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"winter-2465427_1920.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Pixabay","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Forecast models sometimes predict cold spells across Northern Eurasia three to four weeks ahead, however, some of these forecasts can be inaccurate. A recent study revealed that forecasts are more likely to be correct when high pressure systems are already present over Scandinavia or the Northern Atlantic, and the weather in Northern Eurasia is already cold. On the other hand, cold spell forecasts are more likely to be incorrect, when strong convective clouds develop over the tropical Indian ocean. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Tropical and stratospheric phenomena","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"affect European winter forecasts ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"While forecast models often do not predict any clear signal for three to four weeks ahead, windows of forecast opportunity occasionally emerge. These opportunities arise when local weather is influenced by remote regions with more predictable weather conditions. During winter, forecast opportunities are mostly associated with certain tropical and stratospheric phenomena. The stratosphere, a part of the atmosphere located 15–50 kilometres above the ground, plays a significant role in these predictions. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The researchers know that when the stratospheric polar vortex is weakening, there is a higher chance for cold spells to develop. However, when they divided all the cold spell forecasts made during several previous winters into those that were correct and those that failed, they found out that the models predict cold spells after a weak polar vortex too often, resulting in incorrect forecasts.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The tropical phenomenon called Madden-Jullian oscillation (MJO) can also affect weather in Europe and sometimes lead to cold spells. MJO is a phenomenon characterized by an eastward propagation of convective cloud and rain systems from the equatorial Indian ocean towards the equatorial Pacific. The researchers found that while the development of convective clouds over the eastern Indian Ocean can often result in failed European cold spell forecasts, the forecasts made when these clouds develop over the western tropical Pacific are more likely to be correct.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The findings will help to improve subseasonal forecasts and they can also be used to improve forecast models. The research is based on forecasts by five different forecast models and reanalysis data for the winter seasons 1993-2020. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Additional information:  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Researcher Irina Statnaia, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:irina.statnaya@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"irina.statnaya@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research article is available from: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.4744"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Statnaia, I., Karpechko, A. (2024). Factors influencing subseasonal predictability of northern Eurasian cold spells, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4744"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4744","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Science-news","Weather"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5LI51J7MzuOd3kKoLq0REP","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-29T08:14:12.935Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-29T08:14:12.935Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":39,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"artikkeli","title":"Open meteorological data of the Finnish Meteorological Institute is valuable for society as a whole","leadParagraph":"The Directive on open data and the re-use of public sector information (‘Open Data Directive’) aims to harmonise and enhance the opening of public sector information resources. In particular, the definition of high-value datasets aims to ensure that public information of social importance can be effectively reused at the European level.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"otT3JyxSyuszpq8Al6H7E","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-29T07:49:54.506Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-29T07:49:54.506Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":20,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Rekka_PunkaharjuKeksiMarkusPentikäinen 1200x675 EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6py91GrN6bx8I6YZrEacrU","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-29T06:35:19.167Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-29T06:35:19.167Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Rekka jarviPunkaharjulla MarkusPentikainen Keksi1200x675","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6py91GrN6bx8I6YZrEacrU/fb15d01821691c16628eba4b58f01d74/Rekka_jarviPunkaharjulla_MarkusPentikainen_Keksi1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":179292,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Rekka_jarviPunkaharjulla_MarkusPentikainen_Keksi1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Truck driving on a scenic route in Finnish lake area.","plainTextImageCaption":"Weather data produced by the Finnish Meteorological Institute can be utilised in services that provide information to streamline traffic, for example. Photo by Markus Pentikäinen/Keksi Agency."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute has long traditions in the opening of its information resources. Through an open data online service (i.e. an application programming interface or API) maintained by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, anyone can search for and download datasets free of charge in a machine-readable format. The downloading of data does not require any registration: the user only needs to comply with the licensing terms. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“We started opening up our extensive information resources more than 10 years ago. At present, we have an extensive user base consisting of people who are used to utilising our data to support their own work and decision-making,” says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Tarja Riihisaari","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Head of the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s Observing and Information Systems Centre.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The up-to-date data produced by the Finnish Meteorological Institute is typically updated often, and its commercial value is therefore especially high.” ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Updated in 2019, the Open Data Directive classifies meteorological data such as the data produced by the Finnish Meteorological Institute as high-value datasets (HVD). Efficient reuse of data defined as valuable datasets is considered particularly beneficial for society and the economy. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In addition, the Directive lays down a stronger legislative framework for the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s open data and also harmonises the practices used when sharing open data in Europe. “As a pioneer of open data, the Finnish Meteorological Institute has also contributed to the technical specifications of the Directive,” Riihisaari notes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Directive divides high-value datasets into six thematic categories:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Geospatial","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Earth observation and environment","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Meteorological","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Statistics","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Companies and company ownership","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Mobility","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"ordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the Directive, high-value datasets must be made available through APIs free of charge by the summer of 2024 at the latest. “Most of the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s open data already meets the requirements of the Directive. However, the EU-level development work will continue in the three-year RODEO project,” Riihisaari points out.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Open data is already used in many different ways","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As the utilisation of the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s open data does not require registration, detailed information on all the purposes for which the open data is used is not available. 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","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3KgkGovtdPrw8Vkv4HXtjf","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-29T07:56:48.902Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-29T07:56:48.902Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Sataakofi_kuvakaappaus_1200x675pxEN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5wrmv6FbmwgeL1Clf1NDfc","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-29T07:20:14.435Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-29T07:20:14.435Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"sataakofi1200x675px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5wrmv6FbmwgeL1Clf1NDfc/5bdfcfbf523d07b691898f530adfb7b3/sataakofi1200x675px.jpg","details":{"size":150880,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"sataakofi1200x675px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Screen shot of the Sataako.fi -radar animation service.","plainTextImageCaption":"Sataako.fi is one example of a public service that has been using the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s open radar data for a long time."}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The popular ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/download-observations"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download observations service","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" on the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s website  uses open data. It is an easy-to-use channel available free of charge for those interested in the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s statistics. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"RODEO project continues to improve openness of data","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is currently managing the large international RODEO project. The project will gradually make the open data API offered to software developers easier to use, as well as improve the exchange of information between national meteorological institutes.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With the three-year RODEO project, the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s own open data service will be developed and harmonised with the common European API. 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Photo by Johanna Ruotsalainen."}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Future of open data","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In its part, RODEO will improve the usability of public sector meteorological data, as well as promote entrepreneurship and the development of new digital products and services. Furthermore, the significantly larger volume of data will support climate research and the provision of information to support decision-making. As a whole, the wider availability of data will lead to better weather warnings, forecasts and services, and it will support industries in which weather is critical and promote the safety of society. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"”Efficient flow of information will improve mobility, save energy and improve decision-making.”","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Meteorological and environmental data can be utilised in products and services that provide information to users in real time. According to Riihisaari, one of the future opportunities is the possibility to use meteorological data more extensively in backend systems of increasingly automated modes of transport. Open data can also be used to train AI. ”Efficient flow of information will improve mobility, save energy and improve decision-making,” Riihisaari sums up.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Read more","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/open-data"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute’s open data","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"/press-release/3hVHiEX1n8GtmAqGuvygFx"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"RODEO Project launched – bringing meteorological high-value datasets available for all ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"(Rodeo project’s press release 12 June 2023)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"RODEO project’s website ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://rodeo-project.eu/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://rodeo-project.eu/","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":[],"publishers":["Tuija Vuorinen"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6Yk1iP20d53Piv7qlceTyY","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-29T05:37:00.025Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-29T05:37:00.025Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":21,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Finnish Meteorological Institute’s 2023 sustainability report published","leadParagraph":"The sustainability report contains examples of how the Finnish Meteorological Institute promoted the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2023.  ","thumbnail":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Entry","id":"2AVvl5eRMwkHMP6DWPX2zk"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The third sustainability report describes the handprint and footprint from the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s operations. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The handprint is linked to four of the UN Sustainable Development Goals:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The report also contains information about environmental responsibility, social and economic responsibility, and research responsibility. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In 2023, the Finnish Meteorological Institute promoted its sustainability goals in a variety of ways","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We took various measures to promote the SDGs in 2023. For example, we expanded our ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Air quality in Finland","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" service by adding black carbon, i.e. soot. Black carbon concentrations can now be monitored in real time via our online service. Black carbon is an air pollutant harmful to human health that contributes to climate change.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In addition, a weather forecast for Finland prepared by a meteorologist was added to the range of open data based on user requests. The Finnish Meteorological Institute’s open data has already been available for ten years.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We also continued our cooperation with the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute. In 2023, the SmartMet Alert tool developed by the Finnish Meteorological Institute was introduced in Ukraine, and we provided training on the use of the tool to Ukrainian meteorologists and specialists in oceanographic services. A scientific study on the effects of the war on air quality in Ukraine was published as part of the project.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In 2023, we invested in staff wellbeing, the maintenance of working capacity and competence development in a variety of ways. For example, the range of occupational health care services was expanded by introducing services that support mental health in particular.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We developed our sustainability programme by, for example, arranging workshops on materiality analyses for supervisors and personnel. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“In the past year, the Finnish Meteorological Institute sharpened its sustainability operations, which is also reflected in the sustainability report. The report contains examples of our services with a large handprint, but we also look at our own operations from a sustainability footprint perspective”, explains ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Juhana Hyrkkänen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Director, Weather, Sea and Climate Service Centre and a member of the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s sustainability team. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Read more about the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s measures to promote sustainability and the SDGs in the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://assets.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/43cU60yv2T4gRc2GgZpctA/288abc750ae601c92b1ca938a8f0b2c3/IL-Vastuullisuusraportointi_2023_eng.pdf"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"sustainability report 2023","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" (pdf)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7xhhOhLOQe6R1eSHI6oGy4","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-28T08:24:53.961Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-28T08:24:53.961Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":31,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"New Policy Brief addresses the need for governance of risks related to climate system tipping points","leadParagraph":"A Policy Brief from the Academy of Finland's flagship Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center (ACCC) describes the current state of the climate and particularly the risks concerning the slowdown and possible shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4aVPNJHCrMDOypfGRfPvmt","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-27T09:56:17.887Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-27T09:56:17.887Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Meri Sea EN Adobestock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"48Ht2hYloyTPsWFQccgmDd","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-27T09:43:06.755Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-27T09:43:06.755Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Meri FI Adobestock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/48Ht2hYloyTPsWFQccgmDd/82548d7b9721056dc173314f9c704ad4/Meri_Adobestock.jpg","details":{"size":164365,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Meri_Adobestock.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobestock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate change is driving the climate system toward critical tipping points, whose crossing would cause significant and irreversible changes in the system's functioning. These tipping points include the melting of Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets, the drying of the Amazon rainforest, and the shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Currently, climate policy does not sufficiently address the risks related to climate system tipping. The policy brief advises policymakers to consider how to better prepare for and manage the risks associated with the tipping points.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Several recent studies have raised concerns about the potential shutdown of AMOC within this century. AMOC is the most significant current in the Atlantic Ocean, transporting heat from the south towards Europe, thereby warming the entire northern hemisphere. The policy brief presents assessments of the impacts of an AMOC shutdown, particularly for Europe and Finland, where the effects would be especially strong.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"Based on the current knowledge, an AMOC shutdown by the end of the century remains unlikely. However, it is expected that as climate change progresses, AMOC will continue its observed slow decline\", says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Joonas Merikanto","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", head of the climate system modeling group at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. \"Since the possibility of a shutdown cannot be completely ruled out, its impacts and risks must also be understood in national and international decision-making.\"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In Finland, an AMOC shutdown would decrease the average winter temperature by about 20°C and the average summer temperature by about 5°C, not accounting for the partially compensating warming due to ongoing climate change. An AMOC shutdown would thus significantly impact housing, food production, transportation, and ecosystems.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"The nature of the shutdown itself, whether it would take a few decades or centuries, is also unclear. The concerning aspect of the AMOC slowdown, as with other potential climate tipping points, is that once the tipping point is crossed, the process can accelerate and become very difficult, if not impossible, to stop\", Merikanto explains. The most effective way to prevent crossing tipping points is to limit the rate of climate warming by rapidly reducing global greenhouse gas emissions.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"An information event on the policy brief, the current state of the climate, and tipping points will be held at Tiedekulma on May 31 from 1:00 PM to 2:30 PM. The event will also feature a panel discussion on the policies and risk management related to tipping points. The panelists will include ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Eva Biaudet","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Atte Harjanne","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Kaisa Kosonen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", and ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Yulia Yamineva","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":". The stream of the event can be found at:\n","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://tiedekulmamedia.helsinki.fi/fi/web/tiedekulma/player/webcast?eventId=292224401"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://tiedekulmamedia.helsinki.fi/fi/web/tiedekulma/player/webcast?eventId=292224401","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The policy recommendation by the Academy of Finland's ACCC flagship project \"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.acccflagship.fi/wp-content/uploads/Tipping_points_Policy_Brief_english.pdf"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Significance of Climate Tipping Points for Finland: Latest Information on the Possible Shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and Preventive Climate Actions","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"\" has been published on May 27, 2024.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Additional information: ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Joonas Merikanto, Ph.D., head of climate system modeling group, Finnish Meteorological Institute, joonas.merikanto@fmi.fi, p. 050 345 8137 ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Yulia Yamineva, Ph.D., associate professor of climate law and policy, Centre for climate, energy, and environmental law, University of Eastern Finland, yulia.yamineva@uef.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Academy of Finland's flagship \"Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center (ACCC)\" is coordinated by the University of Helsinki, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Tampere University and the University of Eastern Finland.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://www.acccflagship.fi/"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"www.acccflagship.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"62oEMFSojC9BDXLu9CqwOC","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-27T06:55:46.383Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-27T06:55:46.383Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":22,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"New Features Released for the Finnish Meteorological Institute's Local Weather App","leadParagraph":"The recent updates make the Finnish Meteorological Institute's Local Weather app more informative and user-friendly, offering more accurate and up-to-date weather information.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5RC5uHOVi1lLvmwhi1vv5N","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-24T11:55:00.451Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-24T11:55:00.451Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Sääsovelluksen_uudistukset_2024_1200x675px","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6RcAt2Yu2TEXO8QpfHKf3C","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-24T11:53:59.297Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-24T11:53:59.297Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"2024-05-20 sääapin mainoskuva_1200x675","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6RcAt2Yu2TEXO8QpfHKf3C/1b56cc3dc576c86f8d9b27c5ca0a28ee/2024-05-20_s__apin_mainoskuva_1.png","details":{"size":679857,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"2024-05-20 sääapin mainoskuva 1.png","contentType":"image/png"}}}}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"As the summer season begins, the Finnish Meteorological Institute's Local Weather app gets an update. Most of the new features are related to the Map tab. These updates enhance the user experience and forecast accuracy.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Key Updates","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Radar Image Update: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The color scheme of the radar images will change to a blue-dominant scale, improving the visibility of precipitation on the maps.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Radar Image Combination Selection:","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Users can choose between the Finnish radar image combination (15-minute intervals) or the Scandinavian radar image combination (1-hour intervals).","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Extended Forecast Period: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The forecast period for radar precipitation extends to either four hours or 24 hours, depending on the selected radar animation.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Lightning Data: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highly requested lightning data will be overlaid on radar observations. This information indicates how much time has passed since a lightning strike. Lightning is classified as follows: red lightning struck at most 15 minutes ago, and yellow lightning struck 15-30 minutes ago. In the Scandinavian radar composite, yellow represents lightning that struck 15-75 minutes ago.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"New Map Layers:","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" New map layers include temperature and wind forecasts, with options for either one-hour or three-hour intervals. With one-hour intervals, the forecast length is 24 hours, and with three-hour intervals, the forecast length is three days.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Temperature Forecast: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The temperature is displayed with color areas and numbers that scale according to the size of the area being viewed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Wind Forecast: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wind data is shown using wind arrow direction, size, and color. The wind forecast arrows also scale according to the size of the area being viewed.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Weather Observations:","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Graphical daily observations, extending up to a month back in time, have been added to the weather data. This includes daily precipitation, the lowest ground temperature, and the daily extreme temperatures. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download the Weather application of the Finnish Meteorological Institute","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=fi.fmi.mobileweather&hl=en"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download from Google Play","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://itunes.apple.com/fi/app/ilmatieteen-laitoksen-saa/id529493426?mt=8&l=en"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download from App Store","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://appgallery7.huawei.com/#/app/C102322513"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Download from AppGallery","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7EMF5SkAc88IBJwK9OwiPS","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-21T11:43:39.635Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-21T11:58:42.223Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":33,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"artikkeli","title":"The FAME flagship developing a toolkit for mathematical methods for the needs of society ","leadParagraph":"FAME is one of three flagship projects funded by the Academy of Finland in which the Finnish Meteorological Institute is involved. The project is developing methods of applied mathematics and physics for the use of different fields.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7srl70h2ESsO8zNg5isA7N","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-21T11:40:35.587Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-21T11:40:35.587Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Ihmisiä tietokoneella EN kuva: Shutterstock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"FqWJRJZQUNgJgkgIIdYbC","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-20T09:41:47.679Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-20T09:41:47.679Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Ihmisiä tietokoneen ääressä töissä Shutterstock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/FqWJRJZQUNgJgkgIIdYbC/8c1cd4484c4010d6230c862555ab9b4b/FAME1200_Ihmisi__tietokoneen___ress__t_iss__Shutterstock.jpg","details":{"size":96108,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"FAME1200_Ihmisiä tietokoneen ääressä töissä_Shutterstock.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Picture: Shutterstock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The mathematical methods used in different sectors are largely similar. Instead of developing computational methods in each field only for the needs of the sector, the flagship project is doing it together with researchers from different fields.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"”The mathematical methods used in other fields can be useful for the Finnish Meteorological Institute, for example, when we develop weather forecasting and its methods. The methods we use can also be valuable for other sectors. For this reason, it is important to have discussions with experts from different fields,\" says Research Professor ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Anders Lindfors.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In addition to weather forecasts, the Finnish Meteorological Institute also applies computational methods in other areas, such as when measuring greenhouse gases using satellites. Satellites help to measure air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from space, among other things. This can be used to monitor e.g. the progress of the objectives of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The European CO2M satellite, which will be launched in 2026, will enable more accurate measurement of this data.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"Mathematics is not separate from the rest of society, but is needed in all areas of life, especially in science and technology. The FAME flagship is an excellent example of cutting-edge research in mathematics, which has applications in different fields, from medicine to space,\" says Research Professor ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Marko Laine.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The aim is to study concrete everyday topics","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"FAME flagship project, which was launched this year, is a continuation of long-term research with Finnish inversion mathematicians. The difference with previously done work is that the FAME flagship carries out research on topics that concern everyday life. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the objectives of the flagship is to carry out research that will be of concrete benefit to both partners and society. In this context, it is essential to understand what kind of solutions companies need in relation to the flagship competence area.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the objectives of the flagship is to carry out research that will be of concrete benefit to both partners and society. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research in the FAME Flagship project is based on inversion problems and modelling. Inversion modelling refers to the indirect identification of unknown variables in the model. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An example of an inversion problem is the satellite remote sensing of greenhouse gases. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"The satellite instrument detects the sun's light spectrum which has reflected from the ground and passed through the atmosphere. When we know how a certain amount of atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, affect the course of sunlight, the observed spectrum can inversely determine the amount of different atmospheric constituents produced by this observation. This and many other typical solutions to inversion problems are ambiguous and very sensitive to minor changes in the state of the system\", explains ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Johanna Tamminen,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Head of Unit.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"It is rewarding to carry out inversion research, especially if a solution works for our problem and, in addition, someone else can utilise it in a completely different problem, possibly in another field\", says Tamminen. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Studying the reliability of AI-generated weather forecasts","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Research carried out in the flagship project not only seeks answers to individual problems, but also aims to broadly understand the uncertainties related to phenomena. Knowing the uncertainties helps to produce the most realistic understanding of the reliability of the models and the forecasts based on them. This is very important in many areas of the Finnish Meteorological Institute's operations, including weather forecasting.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Research carried out in the flagship project not only seeks answers to individual problems, but also aims to broadly understand the uncertainties related to phenomena.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Machine learning and artificial intelligence are new factors that affect many sectors. Traditional weather forecasts are based on modelled physical data on the atmosphere. In addition to the models, observations produced by e.g. satellites are needed. The latest trend is data-based neural network-based forecasting.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“We investigated whether we could use observations alone to predict the weather and we are examining how reliable data-based artificial intelligence is in weather forecasting. This also requires an understanding of mathematical methods,\" Laine explains. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More than 100 researchers are involved in the FAME flagship (Flagship of Advanced Mathematics ​\rfor Sensing, Imaging and Modelling) project. The flagship is led by the University of Eastern Finland. In addition to the Finnish Meteorological Institute, participants include the University of Helsinki, LUT University, University of Jyväskylä, Aalto University, University of Oulu and University of Tampere. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Throughout the spring, we will publish articles on our website, focusing on the flagship projects in which the Finnish Meteorological Institute participates.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Previously published articles:","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/artikkeli/3mzOtKlgEkDWV83vXoVr7A"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Research flagships produce impactful information for society’s needs","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/artikkeli/6OwbTTF8wU71HDyhLldFXW"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Working towards clean air and a safe climate – flagship initiative for the atmosphere and climate merges air quality and climate research in a unique way","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Text ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Juliana Hulkkonen","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Research"],"showEditedDatetime":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"42BdvILzVYbENcRQkjh89B","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-13T09:46:22.204Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-13T09:46:22.204Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Vehicle exhaust emissions can be reduced through aftertreatment technologies and fuel composition ","leadParagraph":"Finnish Meteorological Institute participated in a study that investigated exhaust emissions from vehicles complying with the Euro 6 emission standard. Particle filters proved effective in reducing particle emissions, but fuel choice also plays an important role. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"Ukibf6m7VBHpC1YlDDf8k","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-13T09:40:48.541Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-13T09:40:48.541Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Liikenne moottoritiellä EN kuva: Juha Tuomi / Rodeo","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5o8dpD2Jn115gNWqryw5qs","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-13T09:27:05.051Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-13T09:27:05.051Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Liikennettä moottoritiellä syksyllä 2018 1200 px Kuva: Juha Tuomi / Rodeo FI","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5o8dpD2Jn115gNWqryw5qs/f57bb6cb4755dfcd7f1113dfac45724b/Liikennett__moottoritiell__syksyll__2018_1200_px.jpg","details":{"size":219323,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Liikennettä moottoritiellä syksyllä 2018 1200 px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Juha Tuomi / Rodeo","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The study found that particle number concentrations in gasoline cars without particle filters were over 200 times higher compared to those equipped with filters. Diesel car particle emissions were low when the filter was in use, except during filter regeneration, when particle concentrations temporarily increased. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The use of aromatic compound-free fuel emerged as an effective method to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions. Transitioning to aromatic-free fuel led to decreased particle number and mass concentrations. However, the impact of fuel aromatics on nitrogen oxide concentrations was less significant. This suggests that altering fuel composition may be a faster way to influence vehicle exhaust emissions than modifying aftertreatment systems. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The study also found that aromatic compounds both in diesel fuel and gasoline affect the toxicity of exhaust emissions. Particularly, the toxicological response of cells increased in gasoline cars using aromatic fuel. Additionally, driving temperature influenced toxicity; measurements conducted at colder temperatures produced a greater inflammatory response in cells compared to measurements at warmer temperatures. Exhaust toxicity also increased during diesel particulate filter regeneration compared to normal driving conditions. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Nanoparticles and secondary aerosols also require emission limits ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The study measured particles across a wide size range, from 1.2 nanometers to 1 µm. Although the Euro 6 emission standard restricts solid particles larger than 23 nanometers, this research demonstrated that smaller particles should also be included in emission standards. Notably, emissions contained a significant number of particles sized between 1.2 and 10 nanometers. The proposed size limit for particles in the upcoming Euro 7 standard is 10 nanometers, but even smaller particle emissions should be restricted in the future. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Secondary particle emissions have no established limits in emission standards. In this study, secondary particle emissions could be over 500 times greater than fresh particle emissions. The highest secondary particle emissions occurred in gasoline cars without particle filters, using regular gasoline containing aromatic compounds. However, relative to fresh particle emissions, the most significant secondary particle emission occurred in gasoline cars equipped with filters, as their fresh particle emissions were very low. The study also observed that aromatic-free alkylate gasoline produced significantly fewer secondary particles than aromatic gasoline. Although strict emission limits have been set for vehicles, emission standards still do not cover all compounds or exhaust characteristics harmful to human health and the environment. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Road traffic significantly impacts air quality, especially in urban areas. Vehicle exhaust emissions can be reduced in various ways. In addition to driving behavior and conditions, emissions can be minimized through engine technology or exhaust aftertreatment devices. The most common aftertreatment devices include three-way and oxidation catalysts, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), as well as gasoline and diesel particulate filters. Furthermore, fuel properties and composition also influence exhaust emissions. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This study was conducted as part of the EU Horizon 2020 program’s “Transport derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects (TUBE)” project. The study involved collaboration between Finnish Meteorological Institute, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere University, and the University of Eastern Finland. Vehicle emissions were measured in laboratory conditions using a dynamometer at two different temperatures: cold (-8–2 °C) and warm (22–24 °C). The measurements followed the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) driving cycle. The vehicles used various fuels, including EN228 gasoline, alkylate gasoline, EN590 diesel fuel, renewable diesel fuel (hydrotreated vegetable oil, HVO), and compressed natural gas. The vehicles were equipped with three-way catalysts, particulate filters, and SCR systems. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Additional information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Scientist Sanna Saarikoski, Ilmatieteen laitos, Sanna.Saarikoski@fmi.fi ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Postdoctoral Researcher Henri Hakkarainen, University of Eastern Finland, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:Henri.Hakkarainen@uef.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Henri.Hakkarainen@uef.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research articles are available from: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123665"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123665","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d3ea00136a"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ea/d3ea00136a","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Saarikoski, S., Järvinen, A., Markkula, L., Aurela, M., Kuittinen, N., Hoivala, J., Barreira, L. M. F., Aakko-Saksa, P., Lepistö, T., Marjanen, P., Timonen, H., Hakkarainen, H., Jalava, P., Rönkkö, T. (2024). Towards zero pollution vehicles by advanced fuels and exhaust aftertreatment technologies, Environ. Pollut., 347, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123665"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123665","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Hakkarainen, H., Järvinen, A., Lepistö, T., Kuittinen, N., Markkula, L., Ihantola, T., Yang, M., Martikainen, M., Mikkonen, S., Timonen, H., Aurela, A., Barreira, L., Ihalainen, M.,   Saarikoski, S., Aakko-Saksa, P. T., Rönkkö, T., Jalava, P. (2024). Effects of fuel composition and vehicle operating temperature on in vitro toxicity of exhaust emissions, Environmental Science: Atmospheres, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EA00136A"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EA00136A","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Science-news","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"ibUVF66tsY8kH187yFaY0","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-08T06:38:40.637Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-08T06:38:40.637Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"April characterised by large temperature fluctuations","leadParagraph":"An exceptionally cold period took place after mid-April. In some parts of the country, rainfall was exceptionally high. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6O4IEf7s4iW8Ey1v68iem7","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-05-08T06:36:37.627Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-08T06:36:37.627Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pyöräilijä talvella kuva: Shutterstock EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5Bvfy31JS9Ml4umNSEGXgq","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-05-02T08:31:36.552Z","updatedAt":"2024-05-02T08:31:36.552Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Pyöräilijä talvisella pikkutiellä 1200px Shutterstock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5Bvfy31JS9Ml4umNSEGXgq/0d428739d1904793165313fb76bbbc81/Py_r_ilij__talvisella_pikkutiell__1200px_Shutterstock.jpg","details":{"size":117753,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Pyöräilijä talvisella pikkutiellä_1200px_Shutterstock.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo:  Shutterstock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, April began as exceptionally warm in the south. After the middle of the month, however, most parts of the country experienced an exceptionally cold period, as temperatures remained below zero even during the day, with the exception of the southern coast. At the end of the month, temperatures returned to more typical levels of the season, as temperatures in the south rose to around 20 degrees Celsius and in the north to +5 degrees Celsius. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in April was mostly one to two degrees colder than usual; in the northern part of the country, the month was unusually cool in places. The average temperature in April varied from about +3 degrees on the southern coast to about -6 degrees in the northwest of Finnish Lapland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The month's highest temperature, 20.8 degrees Celsius, was measured on 29 April at Hyvinkäänkylä, Hyvinkää and Mikkeli airport observation stations. The lowest temperature of the month, -34.3 degrees, was measured on 3 April at the Tulppio observation station in Savukoski.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Exceptionally rainy month in the east","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"April’s precipitation levels were higher than usual in most of the country. In the southern and central parts of the country, as well as in North Ostrobothnia and Kainuu, precipitation levels were exceptionally high in places, and station-specific precipitation records for April were also broken in the east. Rainfall was largely 40–80 millimetres; mainly only in Northern Lapland rainfall was clearly lower than this, with around 20 millimetres. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest precipitation was recorded at the Kumpula observation station in Helsinki (95.8 mm) and the lowest was recorded in Kilpisjärvi Village Centre in Enontekiö (16 mm).","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the end of the month, there was a snow cover in Kainuu, Koillismaa and Lapland. The snow depth varied mainly between 30 and 80 centimetres. The greatest amount of snow on the morning of the last day of the month was at the Kenttärova observation station in Kittilä, 105 centimetres. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The sun stayed behind the clouds","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In April, the sun shone unusually little in places, even exceptionally little in places in the south. There were about 100–150 sunshine hours in most parts of the country, but in the places in the east, this amount was only over 80 hours. In some places, the sun shone 50–100 hours less than on average.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The most hours of sunshine were recorded at the Korsnäs Bredskäret observation station, totalling 167 hours. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The thunder season also started at the beginning of the month, when a total of approximately 600 lightning bolts were observed in the southern and central parts of the country and in Kainuu. On the 10th, about 700 lightning strikes were recorded in Ostrobothnia and North Ostrobothnia. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. 0600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Statistics","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7B9xFlEYxLvtSFLJIUh17Q","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-26T09:32:57.604Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-26T09:32:57.604Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"New research analyzed the methane release from the Nord Stream gas leaks in 2022 ","leadParagraph":"The Nord Stream gas leak in the Baltic Sea released methane into the environment. According to the researchers, the case is interesting for atmospheric dispersion modelling, though the leaked amount of methane is unlikely to have any detectable effects on the climate worldwide. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3E6snmrDK2kcQPHHJwdhvJ","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-26T09:30:50.068Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-26T09:30:50.068Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":15,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Metaanivuoto EN satellitepicture: European Space Agency","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1BmzH0qTJEu27TiA5WzeY7","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-04-26T08:32:08.738Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-26T08:32:08.738Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Metaanivuoto 1200px FI","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1BmzH0qTJEu27TiA5WzeY7/a9a15223dec3de27e9d0105464f43574/Metaanivuoto_1200px.png","details":{"size":449015,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Metaanivuoto_1200px.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Rise of a methane plume simulated with UCLA-LES model, and a satellite image of the release. Satellite image: European Space Agency.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"By relying solely on publicly available information, researchers analyzed the methane release from the Nord Stream gas leaks in September 2022. Back-of-envelope calculations show it amounts to around 330 kt of methane in total. Being an outstanding amount for a single accident, the release hardly leads to any detectable consequences to the climate on a global scale.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Using basic physical considerations, we were able to infer the temporal evolution of the rate and the injection height for the release.  The inventory specifies locations, vertical distributions, and temporal evolution of the methane sources. The inventory has been used to simulate the event with atmospheric transport model SILAM, and the simulations evaluated with a dataset from monitoring stations. The evaluations indicate rather high sensitivity of station observations to fine details of the release, which poses implications on the inversion of such types of sources from point measurements.   ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The paper is supplemented with a set of observational data tailored to evaluate the results of the simulated atmospheric dispersion, and results of the SILAM simulations performed with the inventory.  The animation from one of the simulations of atmospheric dispersion can be found at ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5446/1770"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.5446/1770","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Additional information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Researcher  Rostislav Kouznetsov, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:rostislav.kouznetsov@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"rostislav.kouznetsov@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", p. 050 598 2580 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research article is available from: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/4675/2024/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"ACP - A bottom-up emission estimate for the 2022 Nord Stream gas leak: derivation, simulations, and evaluation (copernicus.org)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Kouznetsov, R., Hänninen, R., Uppstu, A., Kadantsev, E., Fatahi, Y., Prank, M., Kouznetsov, D., Noe, S. M., Junninen, H., and Sofiev, M.: A bottom-up emission estimate for the 2022 Nord Stream gas leak: derivation, simulations, and evaluation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4675–4691, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/4675/2024/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4675-2024","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 2024. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Science-news","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1sx6SsEzxXlXUHwTbqfZbC","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-23T06:59:05.987Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-23T06:59:05.987Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":33,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"In Finland, one must protect oneself from the sun's UV radiation from spring to autumn","leadParagraph":"Adequate protection from the sun's UV radiation would prevent four out of five cases of melanoma. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"47ACaGARthvtjqH0GTs27I","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-22T09:55:04.386Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-22T09:55:04.386Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Aurinko UV Pixabay EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3wVPjBW2D8PM9vnH2rK2jm","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-22T11:13:24.976Z","updatedAt":"2020-06-22T11:13:24.976Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Aurinko ja pilvet Pixabay","description":"pilvet aurinko taivas UV säteily pixabay","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3wVPjBW2D8PM9vnH2rK2jm/b6a7dd5931e14e373cdeb458cc3696f7/clouds-3476252_1920_pixabay.jpg","details":{"size":212880,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"clouds-3476252_1920_pixabay.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Pixabay."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The UV index describing the intensity of the sun’s UV radiation can reach the limit of protection, that is, a value of 3 throughout Finland at this time of the year. Therefore, you should now pay attention to protecting your skin and eyes from the sun’s UV radiation. Snow reflects UV radiation especially onto the face in Northern Finland in spring.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In Southern Finland, the UV index rises above the limit of protection on sunny days from mid-April to September. The limit is exceeded in Northern Finland on average from May to early August.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The sun‘s UV radiation is at its strongest in Finland on the week preceding Midsummer and a few weeks after that. The UV index in the southern parts of the country may then exceed the limit of strong radiation, i.e. the value of 6. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Summers are likely to warm up in Finland as well, due to climate change. Heat cycles are expected to occur more often in the future, so people in Finland may be tempted to wear lighter clothing and become more exposed to UV radiation,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Kaisa Lakkala","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Research Scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the latest studies, the severity of heat waves and the amount of solar radiation may also increase in summer.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Melanoma continues to become more common in Finland ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Exposing the skin to large amounts of UV radiation and getting sun burns increases the risk of skin cancer. According to the statistics of the Finnish Cancer Registry, 1028 men and 811 women became ill with melanoma in 2023. About 94% of people diagnosed with melanoma will still be alive after five years.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly in the 2000s, by just under 5% per year. According to estimates, melanoma is expected to affect nearly 3,000 people in Finland every year in the future,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Karri Seppä","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" from the Cancer Research Institute of the Cancer Registry of Finland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Adequate protection against UV radiation would prevent four out of five cases of melanoma.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Building shady areas helps with sun protection","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"People often think that sun protection is the responsibility of the individual, although society can also contribute to the protection of citizens. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Shade is an effective means of reducing UV exposure, as UV radiation in the shade can be up to 50% lower than under a clear sky,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Anne Höytö","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Senior Specialist at the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Municipalities and private operators can promote sun protection by building shady areas in existing and new outdoor areas. It is particularly important to increase shade in areas favoured by children and young people, such as daycare centres and school yards, playgrounds and sports grounds, although outdoor areas for the older population should not be forgotten. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"I","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"t is especially important to protect children and young people from too much sun, as their skin protection mechanisms are still developing. The most important risk factors for skin cancer are repeated skin burns, especially in childhood and adolescence, as well as high exposure of the skin to UV radiation during one’s lifetime. In addition to parents, it is important for early childhood education and school professionals to take sun protection into account as part of everyday life.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sun protection is not just a matter of beach days, but should be taken into consideration in all everyday activities, from outdoor recreation to gardening and outdoor play to camping. The same basic guidelines apply to the skin protection of children and adults: shade, clothing and sunscreen. The skin should primarily be protected with shade and clothing. For extra protection, a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of at least 30 should be chosen. In addition, outdoor activities should be scheduled for the morning, late afternoon or evening when UV radiation is weaker,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Heidi Löflund-Kuusela","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Manager, Health Promotion, cancer organisations.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/uv-index"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"UV index forecast","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3lD2sWxb79rzMVyQO7zgUb","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-19T07:39:33.926Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-19T07:39:33.926Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":38,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"The wildfire season has begun: Wildfire warnings replace grass fire and forest fire warnings ","leadParagraph":"The wildfire warning warns of dry and flammable terrain. When a wildfire warning is in force, it is forbidden to light an open fire. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7HCmV8y5WPFRgZPyMFFk7J","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-19T07:29:04.204Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-19T07:29:04.204Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Maastopalo ruohikkopalo Tuomo Bergman EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6m4ckTzipyURA3Hlyh58gK","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-04-18T13:23:22.755Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-18T13:23:22.755Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"maastopalo 1200px Tuomo Bergman","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6m4ckTzipyURA3Hlyh58gK/ae4fea39ff0ec9a9e8412a282b8f32bb/maastopalo_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":679617,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"maastopalo_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Tuomo Bergman."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although the weather is currently cold for this time of year, there are already warnings for wildfires on the Finnish Meteorological Institute's warning map for Ostrobothnia for the weekend.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Starting from this spring, the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) will no longer issue separate grass and forest fire warnings, but they will be replaced by a wildfire warning. The new term is defined in the revised Rescue Act, which entered into force at the beginning of 2024.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"The warnings aim to reduce wildfires in situations where the risk of a wildfire is evident, due to the drought of the terrain and weather conditions,\" says Account Manager ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Tuomo Bergman","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildfire warnings are day-specific and can be issued up to five days in advance. The warning for the day is always given at midnight, but warnings can also be removed at other times, if the weather permits.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Warnings are published on the FMI website's ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/warnings"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"warnings map","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" and on the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/local-weather/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"local weather page","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". In the warnings map, a sign familiar from grass fires is used as the wildfire sign.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildfire warnings have three different levels, yellow, orange and red. The probability of large and rapidly propagating wildfires increases with orange and red level warnings.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When issuing warnings, the meteorologist utilises the wildfire index, as well as weather observations and forecasts, in addition to their own expertise. The wildfire index calculates the dryness of the terrain, utilising weather observations, such as precipitation, air temperature and wind. The index has been developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute to suit Finnish conditions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Open fires are forbidden when the warning is in force","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When a wildfire warning is in force, it is forbidden to light an open fire. An open fire refers to a campfire or other similar use of fire, in which the fire may get out of control, either along the ground or as flying sparks. In addition to campfire, a disposable grill, for example, is an open fire.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"The same prohibition applies to all three levels of wildfire warnings, yellow, orange and red. Before starting a fire, always check the valid warning for the current day\", Tuomo Bergman emphasises.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Open fires must always be authorised by the landowner, i.e. they do not belong to Everyone's Rights (formerly Everyman's Rights). The person who lights the fire is always the one responsible for the fire. A city may impose a ban on making open fires in places other than those designated for the purpose. Rescue or environmental authorities may, for justified reasons, also prohibit open fires during other periods. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/warnings"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Warnings","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/wildfire-warning"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildfire warning","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/wildfire-index"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wildfire index","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://pelastustoimi.fi/en/home-everyday-life/handling-fire/open-fire"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Open fire","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" (Rescue Services)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Account Manager, meteorologist Tuomo Bergman, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. 029 539 2035, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:tuomo.bergman@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"tuomo.bergman@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Warning"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2VOhoIzpg95fFXdwEor7JC","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-08T07:26:11.935Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-08T07:26:11.935Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"The research developed improvements to monitoring the freeze/thaw state with radar satellites","leadParagraph":"The new study presents significant improvements to the existing methods, such as taking into consideration changes in the summer season. Soil F/T information is useful, for example, for users of heavy equipment, such as forestry machines. Soil freezing has a significant effect on the bearing capacity.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"41AI76iwbVPN2CyvJjO0SH","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-08T07:23:37.671Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-08T07:23:37.671Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Työkone talvi metsä kuva: Tobias Arhelger EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2QSzgIVuMUiyyDdlsHEvDH","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-04-08T06:51:00.911Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-08T06:51:00.911Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"työkone 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2QSzgIVuMUiyyDdlsHEvDH/875ecc7d73c851f8eba55b524a95dce3/ty_kone_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":176822,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"työkone_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Tobias Arhelger","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Soil freeze/thaw (F/T) state in the boreal forest was mapped using microwave L and C band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellites. The study showed that the F/T state can be detected with good accuracy at both frequencies.  The lower frequency L band is more suitable for soil F/T state detection, as it is less sensitive to vegetation and snow cover, and it allows deeper penetration into the soil. However, the weaknesses of the C band can be compensated by taking into account also the signal returning from the tree canopies in the calculation algorithm. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Studies on the detection of soil F/T state with C band SAR satellites have been conducted previously in the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The motivation for these studies increased after the availability of continuous and free data collected by the European Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites. Based on the conducted research, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://nsdc.fmi.fi/data/data_s1freezethaw"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"a soil F/T product","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" based on Sentinel-1 satellites covering almost the whole of Finland has been developed. The new study presents significant improvements to the existing methods, such as taking into consideration changes in the summer season, a more advanced classification algorithm, and wet snow information. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The availability of satellite L band SAR data is currently limited, but the European ROSE-L and American-Indian NISAR radar satellites planned to be launched in the next few years will offer a good opportunity to monitor the F/T state also at a lower frequency. The unique and comprehensive SAR dataset collected with the Japanese ALOS-2 satellite used in the research allowed the development of methods for soil F/T monitoring with L band in the boreal region already in advance. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research was conducted in two phases ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the first phase of the study we investigated the influence of soil and vegetation conditions on the backscatter, namely the intensity of the returning radar signal from the object. In particular, we focused on the effect of canopy freezing and backscatter changes from spring to autumn, because these topics have not yet been properly studied, although they are important in soil F/T state retrieval. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the second phase, monitoring of soil F/T state was demonstrated for selected test areas in Finland. First, a forest model separating the backscatter contributions from the ground surface and the canopy was applied to the satellite observations. Then, suitable reference satellite acquisitions representing autumn (thaw), winter (freeze) and spring (thaw) conditions were identified. Finally, these were used in the classification algorithm to distinguish between frozen and thawed conditions, also utilizing automatic in situ measurements of air temperature and snow depth.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Wet snow can prevent microwave radiation from reaching the ground surface. Hence, wet snow was detected as well, using the radar backscatter, air temperature and snow depth data, for enabling reliable estimation of the soil F/T state during the end of the winter. In the validation of the results, e.g. soil temperature and moisture measurements near the Arctic Space Centre located in Sodankylä were utilized. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Additional information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Researcher Juval Cohen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, p. 050 376 4128, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:juval.cohen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"juval.cohen@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research article is available from: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425724001135?via%3Dihub"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Detection of soil and canopy freeze/thaw state in the boreal region with L and C Band Synthetic Aperture Radar – ScienceDirect","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"J. Cohen, J. Lemmetyinen, J. J. Ruiz, K. Rautiainen, J. Ikonen, A. Kontu, J. Pulliainen. “Detection of soil and canopy freeze/thaw state in the boreal region with L and C Band Synthetic Aperture Radar”. In Remote sensing of environment. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114102"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114102","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Science-news"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7075Sx39bQ0z1ng1zHak1Q","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-08T06:31:06.652Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-08T06:31:06.652Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":20,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"puheenvuoro","title":"Better weather forecasts with artificial intelligence? ","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute, together with its European partners, develops and tests data-driven weather forecasting methods. The advantage of artificial intelligence forecasts is their speed. Artificial intelligence is already being utilised at different stages of weather forecasting.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7khnkjYzSMgUgLSxUUwQ0u","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-08T06:29:31.445Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-08T06:29:31.445Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Tekoäly englanti","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5CrBgdnEmWuS177aBXovGH","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-04-04T10:54:45.204Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-04T10:54:45.204Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"tekoäly 1200px","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/5CrBgdnEmWuS177aBXovGH/a8c09f1e87ddc633a0396bd653815014/teko_ly_1200px.jpg","details":{"size":594669,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"tekoäly_1200px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"The image has been created using artificial intelligence."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute produces real-time situational pictures and forecast data on weather, sea, climate and space conditions and their impacts. Physical weather, sea and climate models are a key part of the conditions’ forecast value chain. Statistical methods, including artificial intelligence, have long been part of this chain. Artificial intelligence has been used to enhance the use of weather observations in forecast models, for example, or to create new impact forecasts, so that they identify links between meteorological phenomena and their impacts.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The atmosphere can already be modelled with data-driven AI models. For example, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has developed a prototype of a data-driven global weather model that is no longer directly based on physical equations but on dependencies that the AI model has learned from a long data time series of atmospheric history, produced with a traditional weather model.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The pre-trained AI forecast can be calculated much faster than the weather model forecast requiring a supercomputer.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In recent years, large technology companies have taken steps forward in the development of data-driven weather forecasting methods. The advantage of AI forecasts is their speed, compared to traditional methods. The pre-trained AI forecast can be calculated much faster than the weather model forecast requiring a supercomputer. In terms of quality, the weather forecasts of AI models have been at the same level as forecasts of weather models, or even better, for a few parameters and on some indicators. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The amount of data available is large and computing technology has developed","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"What has enabled the rapid development of data-driven forecasts? Firstly, the amount of data available nowadays is immense and it is easier to access. For example, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) produces global re-analysis data, based on weather models and observations over several decades, which is well suited for AI methods’ training material. Weather observations and data produced by weather models are the most important fuel in the AI forecast value chain. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Secondly, computing technology based on graphics processing units (GPU) that is well suited for training AI methods has become more common. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"However, there are still shortcomings and development potential in AI forecasts. The locally accurate re-analysis data needed to predict extreme weather phenomena, such as storms and thunderstorms, is not yet available to the same extent as \"sparser\" global data. The number of parameters produced by AI forecasts is also limited, compared to forecasts produced by weather models. To mend both of these shortcomings, the inclusion of new data sources in the training of AI methods will be a key development target. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Will artificial intelligence change weather forecasting?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Artificial intelligence has the potential to speed up weather forecasting. Artificial intelligence can also make it possible to integrate weather impacts, such as energy production or the amount of storm damage, into the weather forecast in a completely new way. Weather observations and weather models capable of local accuracy, which are already in operational use by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, are likely to play a key role in producing new training data. In addition, the enormous speed of data-driven forecasting methods attracts research into how the uncertainty of the forecast could be assessed more cost-effectively, using data-driven methods compared to the current ensemble forecasting technology.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"However, Artificial Intelligence models and their quality do not happen in a vacuum; they are just as good as the data used for training the methods. Re-analysis data and the underlying weather models must continue to be developed, in order to improve the quality of data-driven forecasting methods. Creating and updating data, as well as training AI forecasting methods is a highly computational activity that will continue to require supercomputer capacity. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Artificial Intelligence models and their quality do not happen in a vacuum; they are just as good as the data used for training the methods.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"It is clear that the new possibilities offered by artificial intelligence will also change weather forecasting, but the possibilities and limitations of methods and data must be understood. The pace of development of artificial intelligence methods and their application is tremendous right now, so it is challenging to assess how great the ultimate transformation will be. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Together with its European partners, the Finnish Meteorological Institute is contributing to this transformation, by developing and testing data-driven forecasting methods. At the moment, it seems that the best results can be achieved by combining observations, physical models and AI methods to achieve more accurate and especially faster forecasts. Investments in methodological research, as well as data and computing infrastructure are essential, to achieve the expected benefits.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Sami Niemelä","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"The author is Director of the Meteorological and Marine Science Research Programme at the Finnish Meteorological Institute","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"nAoZs1vdP9FTsvqCbWfEr","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2022-04-21T12:38:56.664Z","updatedAt":"2022-04-21T12:38:56.664Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Sami Niemelä Veikko Somerpuro","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4ZKESoO5WWpfA6MZixQwSH","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-03T23:15:09.781Z","updatedAt":"2020-06-03T23:15:09.781Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":2,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Sami Niemela╠ê 2018-1_WEB.jpg","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4ZKESoO5WWpfA6MZixQwSH/1e3bc592ac7e800e54c7694ac3e64b5f/Sami_Niemela___2018-1_WEB.jpg","details":{"size":49451,"image":{"width":220,"height":331}},"fileName":"Sami Niemela╠ê 2018-1_WEB.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Veikko Somerpuro."}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2v8ZTySytW5rbYLYmDKjjN","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-05T12:03:28.585Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-05T12:03:28.585Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"March was milder than usual and fairly cloudy throughout the country","leadParagraph":"In Lapland, the first half of March was unusually mild, but the weather cooled down towards the end of the month. At the end of the month, the temperatures in the southern and central parts of the country were already quite springlike. Fog was fairly common, especially in the south, during March.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1PM6pwvC9QJhFC7Os3XVqy","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-05T12:01:41.969Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-05T12:01:41.969Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kävelijät bussipysäkillä","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1E8j8vMGiEm1nMXcNSkbRm","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-04-05T11:27:02.158Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-05T11:27:02.158Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kävelijät bussipysäkillä","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1E8j8vMGiEm1nMXcNSkbRm/dce3a02e41713b5e701c866e3f9b5e5e/K_velij_t_bussipys_kill_.jpg","details":{"size":4450795,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Kävelijät bussipysäkillä.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Juha Tuomi"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in March varied from approximately +1 degrees Celsius in the southwest part of the country to about –6 degrees Celsius in Northern Lapland. In most parts of the country, the average temperature in March was 1.5–3 degrees above the average of the 1991–2020 reference period. The last time March was approximately as warm in Finland was in 2022.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The highest temperature in March was 13.1°C, recorded in Jomala, Ahvenanmaa, on 30 March. Meanwhile, the lowest temperature was –31.0 degrees in Tulppio, Savukoski, on 25 March. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Precipitation was close to normal in a large part of the country","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The greatest amount of precipitation for March was 52.3 millimetres, recorded at the Tuorila observation station in Merikarvia. The lowest amount of precipitation for the entire month, 13.4 mm, was recorded at the Näkkälä observation station in Enontekiö. The greatest amount of precipitation in a single day, 29.1 mm, was recorded at the Pirttikoski observation station in Hämeenlinna, on 16 March.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The entire country had fewer hours of sunshine than usual. The southern and central parts of the country saw exceptionally few hours of sunshine. The large number of foggy days partly explains the low number of sunshine hours. On the southern coast, about half of the days of the month were foggy. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the end of the month, an abnormal night-time thunderstorm was experienced in Satakunta and Pirkanmaa, during which more than a hundred ground flashes were detected.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the end of March, the southern and western parts of the country were already snow-free in places. In the eastern and northern parts of the country, on the other hand, snow depth was still over half a metre in many places. The greatest amount of snow was in Central Lapland and Kainuu, where snow depth was over 100 centimetres in places.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. 0600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Statistics","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4L18IO0zwZrorAohqmvdGP","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-03T10:12:08.940Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-03T10:12:08.940Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Improving stratospheric and tropical forecasts would improve monthly forecasts for Europe","leadParagraph":"A new article showed that monthly forecasts in mid- and high latitudes would be improved if weather models better predicted variability in the stratosphere and tropical atmosphere. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"Gjz2O1jFPFRNCCWtwdbk4","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-04-03T10:07:16.341Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-03T10:07:16.341Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kartta ECMFW (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"20v8XF21AOAWbLJBGkNFsX","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-04-03T10:05:56.175Z","updatedAt":"2024-04-03T10:05:56.175Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"ecmwf kuukausiennuste","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/20v8XF21AOAWbLJBGkNFsX/9641d11a5bd96fb223085545bb4828c0/ecmwf_kuukausiennuste.png","details":{"size":1499586,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"ecmwf_kuukausiennuste.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: ECMFW (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The results of the recently published study showed that perfect knowledge of the tropical weather conditions would improve at least every fifth forecast in mid- and high latitudes. Perfect knowledge of the stratosphere would also improve monthly forecasts especially over Northern Atlantic and Europe, and especially during periods when the stratospheric polar vortex was weakening. Stratosphere is the part of the atmosphere located at 15–50 kilometers above the ground. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Monthly forecasts predict weekly mean weather conditions usually up to three to four weeks ahead. Such long forecasts are made possible by so-called teleconnections. Teleconnections link local weather to remote regions where weather conditions can be predicted for longer time. During winter, such teleconnections are mostly associated with the tropics and the stratosphere. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The researchers applied so-called “nudging”-technique, which allowed perfect simulations of the stratosphere and tropical atmosphere, and then analyzed how the teleconnections from these regions improve the forecast quality. The results of the research improve our understanding of how the teleconnections work in the atmosphere, and this knowledge can be used for improving forecast models. The research is based on forecasts by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), reanalysis data for the winter seasons 1999-2019. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Additional information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Research professor Alexey Karpechko, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:alexey.karpechko@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"alexey.karpechko@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research article is available from: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/qj.4649"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Karpechko, A. Yu., F. Vitart, I. Statnaia, M. A. Balmaseda, A. J. Charlton‐Perez, I. Polichtchouk (2024). The tropical influence on sub-seasonal predictability of wintertime stratosphere and stratosphere–troposphere coupling, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 1– 18. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4649"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4649","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Science-news"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6mE3gMVMa95URbjgM94Gd2","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-28T07:42:05.713Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-28T07:42:05.713Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":17,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"High speed winds during the parachute descent of the Perseverance rover were reconstructed","leadParagraph":"Scientists at FMI have reconstructed the path of NASA’s Perseverance rover during its parachute landing on Mars.  ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3VB5nH3pXdCk9fhasjCkLx","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-28T07:37:57.657Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-28T07:37:57.657Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Mars Perseverance laskeutuminen NASA-JPL-Caltech","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6rLYUZCXUlfh4zr54wJZ31","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-03-28T07:36:33.863Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-28T07:36:33.863Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"02 CruiseStageSeparation NASA-JPL-Caltech www","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6rLYUZCXUlfh4zr54wJZ31/21708b87d45486d4e20e3585f3cb1d11/02_CruiseStageSeparation_NASA-JPL-Caltech_www.jpg","details":{"size":507259,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"02_CruiseStageSeparation_NASA-JPL-Caltech_www.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: NASA-JPL-Caltech"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientists found Perseverance drifted across the surface of Jezero crater during the descent due to high-speed winds. Together, with international colleagues, they found the winds could be reproduced using high resolution atmospheric modelling. Most likely, this means the complex terrain at Jezero crater is helping to generate the high-speed winds. For example, in the modeling of the Earth's atmosphere, a resolution of about one kilometer is required so that the model can produce the fast winds generated by rugged terrain. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At one point during the parachute descent, starting from 12 km altitude, the maximum wind speed was found to be over 100 kph. However, due to the thin atmosphere of Mars, this equates to the force of a gentle breeze on Earth and has little impact on the parachute.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientists have effectively given the Martian atmospheric models, which are based on Earth models, a stress test and checked that they are working correctly. Scientific investigations made from the surface using Perseverance’s humidity and pressure sensors, which are based on FMI and Vaisala technology, can then benefit from a better understanding of the winds at the surface as well as those above it. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Scientist Mark Paton, tel. 050 430 2984, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:mark.paton@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"mark.paton@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Link to article: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103524001040"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"Inferred wind speed and direction during the descent and landing of Perseverance on Mars - ScienceDirect","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Paton, M. D., Savijärvi, H., Harri, A. -M., Leino, J., Bertran, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, D., Lorenz, R. D., Newman, C., Inferred wind speed and direction during the descent and landing of Perseverance on Mars, Icarus, 415, 116045 (2024). ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116045"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116045","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Science-news"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1rTg9KsbV8byCRrUYK9mtk","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-25T07:40:56.802Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-25T07:40:56.802Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":21,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Successive mid-latitude cyclones increase the risk of flooding in the Baltic Sea","leadParagraph":"Coastal flooding is particularly likely when several strong mid-latitude cyclones occur in a row. New research improves our understanding of the factors contributing to very high sea levels in the Baltic Sea.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4NhnLP5RypUeUrJpH0aQ5a","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2020-05-07T21:04:43.796Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-30T14:52:41.305Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":20,"revision":8,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"myrsky_BengtWikström","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"0f1JF1tpfBrP5zUAUUuc4","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-05-13T11:15:31.347Z","updatedAt":"2023-02-21T09:09:03.862Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":3,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Myrsky Bengt Wickström","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/0f1JF1tpfBrP5zUAUUuc4/8f03a7ebee7b016e4bd9dbba8a4a3d07/Myrsky_Bengt_Wikstr__m.jpg","details":{"size":326914,"image":{"width":1200,"height":743}},"fileName":"Myrsky_Bengt_Wikström.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Storm in the coast.","plainTextImageCaption":"At sea, the wind is stronger than on land. Photo: Bengt Wikström","imageCaption":"<div class=\"img-caption\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"img-responsive fmi-content-image\" src=\"https://images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1JXEXC9Wm0IBvzwRbdFpFL/4872ae63c663f070a7de0eaf82c8203c/myrsky_bengtwicstrom_iso.jpg\"></div>","language":"en"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Coastal flooding in the Baltic Sea is often associated with powerful mid-latitude cyclones which increase the sea level due to their strong on-shore winds and low air pressure. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2023GL107203"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to a new study","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":", the number of consecutive cyclones also has a significant effect on sea levels. The maximum sea levels observed on the Baltic sea coast are about 2-3 times higher when at least three strong cyclones pass over the area in a short period of time compared to when only one strong cyclone occurs.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"In Helsinki, for example, the maximum sea level caused by a single strong cyclone is about 29 cm above normal, while in the event of at least three successive strong cyclones, the average maximum is 68 cm,\" says ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mika Rantanen","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", a researcher at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, also found that the stronger the successive cyclones, the higher the sea levels. The study estimates that consecutive cyclones are associated with long-lasting westerly winds, which increase the average water level in the Baltic Sea due to water inflow from the North Sea through the Danish Straits. If several cyclones occur in succession, the water volume does not have time to recover.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Mid-latitude cyclones in the Baltic Sea were investigated over a forty-year period","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The new study also looked at the weather conditions under which extremely high sea levels occur. It was found that almost half of the extremely high sea level events were associated with clusters of at least three cyclones, and only about 10% with single cyclones.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"\"Although the frequency of single cyclones was about the same as that of clusters of at least three cyclones, it turned out that almost half of the high sea level events were associated with the clusters,\" says Mika Rantanen.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study looked at all strong mid-latitude cyclones in the Baltic Sea area between October and March from 1980 to 2022. The maximum sea levels during each cyclone or cluster were studied at eight different tide gauges in Finland, Sweden, Estonia and Latvia.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study is part of the ongoing MAWECLI (MArine and WEather events in the changing CLImate as potential external hazards to nuclear safety) project, which investigates extreme marine and weather events in support of nuclear power plant safety in Finland.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher Mika Rantanen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, puh. 050 475 0756, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:mika.rantanen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"mika.rantanen@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher Jani Särkkä, Finnish Meteorological Institute, puh. 050 346 9087, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:jani.sarkka@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"jani.sarkka@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The scientific article is freely available in the journal ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2023GL107203"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Geophysical Research Letters","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Article reference: Rantanen, M., van den Broek, D., Cornér, J., Sinclair, V. A., Johansson, M. M., Särkkä, J., Laurila T. K., & Jylhä, K. (2024). The impact of serial cyclone clustering on extremely high sea levels in the Baltic Sea. Geophysical Research Letters. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107203"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107203","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Science-news","Research"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4qUaEjPOdZkJ1Yp5RdK9xr","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-22T08:56:31.876Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-22T08:56:31.876Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":39,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"artikkeli","title":"Working towards clean air and a safe climate – flagship initiative for the atmosphere and climate combines air quality and climate research in a unique way ","leadParagraph":"Climate change and air quality interact in many different ways. The flagship project for the atmosphere and climate addresses and solves related challenges in a collaborative manner. High-quality science leads to economic and social impact. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3tdIEJf15ZifbU6eYK0egW","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-22T08:46:45.042Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-22T08:46:45.042Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kaupunki ihmisiä astudio/Shutterstock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"51L7Qf6hK6nzp2n63r64Jo","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-03-21T12:00:14.868Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-21T12:00:14.868Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kävelijät,-pyöräilijät-ja-raitiovanut-kadulla-Helsingissä-elokuussa-2018 astudio shutterstock","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/51L7Qf6hK6nzp2n63r64Jo/9aad1d4c44fc4247aa09cb09ec8027e6/K_velij_t_-py_r_ilij_t-ja-raitiovanut-kadulla-Helsingiss_-elokuussa-2018_astudio_shutterstock.jpg","details":{"size":726514,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Kävelijät,-pyöräilijät-ja-raitiovanut-kadulla-Helsingissä-elokuussa-2018_astudio_shutterstock.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Picture: astudio/Shutterstock"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center (ACCC) is a research flagship funded by the Research Council of Finland. It aims to increase understanding of climate change and the deterioration of air quality. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flagship is led by the University of Helsinki, and the other partner organisations are the Finnish Meteorological Institute, University of Eastern Finland and Tampere University. The activities are centred around top-notch research and its subsequent impact on the economy and society. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The flagship’s goal is to go beyond pure science and unlock its full potential. This means that the outcomes of science are made available for use by companies, communities and decision-makers,” summarises Academy Professor","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" Ari Laaksonen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", who serves as a deputy head of the flagship and leads the project at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate and air quality are interlinked ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flagship participants have extensive expertise in both climate and air quality research, and the flagship project combines these research areas in a unique manner. Researchers are exploring, for example, the effects of climate change on air quality, and how the measures taken to improve air quality affect the climate. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Poor air quality and climate change caused by human activities are global challenges. Through its research, the ACCC supports the objectives of Finland, the European Union and the wider international community, as well as companies and other different actors, to combat both climate change and the deteriorating air quality. In addition, research enhances societies’ capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Studying the impact of emissions from ships is one area, in which research in air quality and climate change interact. The sulphur content of shipping fuels has been reduced by international regulations. The goal is to improve air quality and minimise the adverse effects on health.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“However, reducing the sulphur content of fuels may accelerate climate change, as emitted sulphur particles may have served as a cooling factor for the climate,” Ari Laaksonen says. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific studies have shown a decrease in sulphur particles being released into the atmosphere. The next stage is to assess the significance of this development. This work requires climate models that describe the cooling effect of sulphur particles in sufficient detail. So far, the results from different models have differed significantly from each other. However, as the topic has become increasingly relevant, numerous research groups have focused their efforts on it, which will potentially yield more accurate and consistent results in the near future. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"23BjaOGpLV2FQFj4x84bxd","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2022-12-19T10:07:46.267Z","updatedAt":"2024-01-18T08:17:50.019Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Rahtialus jäisellä merellä Shutterstock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3jzaDv6yGCGQkf2jKR90Oq","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2022-12-19T10:04:43.448Z","updatedAt":"2024-01-18T08:17:13.359Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":20,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Rahtialus jäisellä merellä Shutterstock","description":"talvi, merenkulku, rahtialus, laiva, merijää","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3jzaDv6yGCGQkf2jKR90Oq/01d5c88b9cc8806a6da63eecf1eba2a5/Rahtialus_j_isell__merell_.jpg","details":{"size":263716,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Rahtialus jäisellä merellä.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"A cargo ship on an icy sea.","plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Shutterstock","language":"EN"}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Searching for methods to verify carbon sequestration ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In ACCC, research is carried out in three research programmes. The first one centres on the role of forests and agriculture as carbon sinks and the methods for verifying carbon sequestration in soil. The second research programme delves into the connection between air quality and climate, in which cities play a particularly pivotal role. The third one deals with the consequences of climate change and strategies for adapting to them. During its first three years of operation, the flagship has published almost 1,300 peer-reviewed scientific studies on these topics. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the key objectives of the flagship is to develop reliable and research-based methods for verifying carbon emissions and carbon sequestration. The successful achievement of the objective is fostered by the fact that all three research divisions at the Finnish Meteorological Institute participate in the flagship: climate change research, meteorological and marine research, as well as the Space and Earth Observation Centre. For example, in the verification of carbon sequestration, carbon cycle researchers have carried out measurements on the surface of the earth, while remote sensing researchers have investigated carbon sinks and sources using data produced by satellites. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"One of the key objectives of the flagship is to develop reliable and research-based methods for verifying carbon emissions and carbon sequestration.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Being able to measure and verify, for example, the carbon sequestration capacity of forests and soil is critical in evaluating the impact on climate change,” explains Ari Laaksonen. “Our researchers have developed methods for monitoring and verifying agricultural carbon sinks. The study produces information on cultivation methods that promote carbon sequestration in soil.” ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the flagship project, funding has not been earmarked for particular studies. This allows research to be carried out in a more agile manner than usually. As an example, Ari Laaksonen mentions an attribution study that can be used to investigate the role of climate change in extreme weather phenomena. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“We selected the attribution study as one of the focus areas of 2023 in FMI’s flagship research. We were able to launch the study quickly, and flagship funding enabled the researchers to dedicate their efforts to studying the topic,” Ari Laaksonen explains. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"This study allowed for a prompt examination of the contribution of climate change to the unusually warm September of 2023 and its influence on the chilly weather conditions of early 2024. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Impact arises from the dissemination of research data ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the flagship project, the impact of research is particularly important. The utilisation and understanding of research data in society is promoted through dialogue and cooperation with companies, other research projects, the public sector, non-governmental organisations, decision-makers, and citizens. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For example, the research on carbon sequestration in soil involves working in close cooperation with a range of companies and farmers. Through this cooperation, studies can be conducted in authentic settings, allowing partners to quickly access the research findings. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A key part of ACCC’s activities is the impact programme, which guides cooperation with societal actors. One of the spearheads of the impact programme is Climate University: a network of 11 universities offering free online courses open to everyone. The Finnish Meteorological Institute has produced the ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Living with Changing Climate","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" course for the university. The course aims to provide participants with competence that enables them to assist companies and public authorities in the implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute has also been developing specialised training for climate experts with the University of Helsinki’s Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research INAR. Launched for the first time in spring 2024, the education responds to the growing need for climate expertise in different sectors. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Cooperation to be expanded beyond familiar networks ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Approximately 450 researchers and 1,000 research organisations worldwide are involved in the flagship. Extensive cooperation calls for clear coordination.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Senior Researcher ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Tero Siili","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" is the research coordinator for the flagship project in the Finnish Meteorological Institute. His role is for his part to prepare the necessary prerequisites for realising the project at the Finnish Meteorological Institute as seamlessly and productively as possible. One of the aims is to find partners and research data users in areas where cooperation has not traditionally been carried out.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The flagship project’s operating method encourages us to find partners outside the usual sectors in a constructive manner,” Tero Siili says. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flagship project involves a vast array of stakeholders. For Tero Siili, it has been an eye-opener to uncover the various connections that natural sciences research can have. For example, the expertise of lawyers plays a vital role in understanding and evaluating the implications and responsibilities of international climate-related agreements and the significance of verification methods developed by researchers. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flagship project involves a wide array of partnerships ranging from large companies to start-ups. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"blockquote"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flagship project involves a wide array of partnerships ranging from large companies to start-ups. The flagship project’s innovation forum brings companies together and enables them to develop new innovations related to climate and air quality together and in collaboration with other actors. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Events for sharing information and brainstorming together ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Various events play a vital role in boosting the impact of the flagship programme. The annual ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Impact Week","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" event spans a full week and brings together a wide variety of flagship stakeholders. The series of research seminars and an annual scientific meeting, for their part, serve as a platform for all researchers in the flagship to exchange the latest research findings. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Climate Security Festival, organised for the first time in September 2023, beautifully exemplifies the multidisciplinary character of the flagship project. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“During the event, a diverse group of people engaged in an open dialogue, focusing on potential safety-related changes we can expect in the future, and brainstormed solutions that can be implemented right away,” Tero Siili says. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Marine research raises the flagship sails higher ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The second funding period of the ACCC flagship will begin in 2025, following successful initial four years. Even more extensive research is expected to be carried out during this stage, as the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s marine research will join the project.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Ari Laaksonen and Tero Siili are also looking forward to cooperating with other flagship projects involving the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Launched at the beginning of 2024, the Digital Waters (DIWA) flagship project and the Flagship of Advanced Mathematics for Sensing, Imaging and Modelling (FAME) have clear links with climate and air quality research. Common themes explored in all three projects include the modelling of snow cover and mapping of greenhouse gas sources and sinks using satellite observations and modelling. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[],"nodeType":"hr"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center (ACCC) ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Aiming to increase understanding of climate change and air pollution.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Promotes international, EU and Finland’s climate objectives by producing scientific information and making it available to various societal actors.  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Implemented by the University of Helsinki, Finnish Meteorological Institute, University of Eastern Finland and Tampere University. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Executed from 2020 to 2028. First phase from 2020 to 2024, second phase from 2025 to 2028. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.acccflagship.fi/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"value":"ACCC Flagship Project’s website","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Throughout the spring, we will publish articles on our website, focusing on the flagship projects in which the Finnish Meteorological Institute participates.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Previously published articles:","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/article/2MNuubjlPRTlu7BKuUUecA"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Research flagships produce impressive information for society’s needs","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Research"],"publishers":["Kaisa Ryynänen"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"35x3hivC1O9mSKrpnbcBE1","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-20T11:23:40.863Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-20T11:23:40.863Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":21,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"100 years of aviation weather services by Finnish Meteorological Institute: High-quality information on aviation weather ensures safe and economical flying  ","leadParagraph":"The first aviation weather service was provided to civil aviation a hundred years ago to the day. Today, the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) provides all official aviation weather services for civil and military aviation in Finnish airspace. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1szy4L9AoYc3Y6DkOlcfxi","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-20T11:20:05.846Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-20T11:20:05.846Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Lentosää 100 ilman kuvatekstiä","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"258AsBPYH5NGHM3t2P9iPs","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-03-20T11:06:48.134Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-20T11:06:48.134Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":3,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"lentosää100 sv en 1200","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/258AsBPYH5NGHM3t2P9iPs/aa72183e3a6b0374615be4287aaba91a/lentos__100_sv_en_1200.jpg","details":{"size":40862,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"lentosää100_sv_en_1200.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The first aviation weather data was provided to civil aviation on 20 March 1924, when Aero, the predecessor of Finnair, started operating from Katajanokka in Helsinki to Tallinn. Today, FMI is responsible for producing and developing aviation weather observation, forecasting and warning services in Finland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Vast majority of flight delays are weather-related, and high-quality weather services can reduce the impact of weather. Aviation weather services allow the pilot to optimise the route, for example by taking advantage of the best tailwinds and avoiding areas of turbulence or thunder. For air traffic controllers, the service supports the selection of runways and the control of inbound and outbound air traffic. Especially in winter conditions, weather forecasts play a crucial role in planning the operations of the airport operational centre, airlines, de-icing and maintenance.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Aviation weather services help aviation operators plan their activities better and operate as safely and efficiently as possible in all weather conditions. Aviation weather services are part of air navigation services. Without weather services, aviation operations would stop,\" says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Riikka Pusa","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Head of Group at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The significance of real-time observations increases as the weather gets worse.  \nEach Finnish airport is equipped with FMI's aviation weather observation systems, which provide accurate information on the weather conditions prevailing at the airport.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Global pioneer in aviation weather services","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"FMI's aviation and military weather service offices are located in Helsinki, Kuopio and Rovaniemi, and they serve customers around the clock, every day of the year. Around one hundred experts participate in the production of aviation weather services at FMI: in addition to aviation weather meteorologists, the production of services requires observation, IT and research expertise, for example.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute carries out international cooperation in the field of aviation weather, both in Europe and globally, and it is one of the cornerstones of its operations. Finnish aviation weather expertise is also utilised in international research and development projects, and it is exported around the world as part of FMI's development cooperation projects.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"FMI is one of the global pioneers in its field. In Finland, we are part of the aviation family together with airports, air navigation, airlines and other aviation operators. We all have an important role to ensure smooth operations\", Riikka Pusa says.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"100 years of aviation weather information ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The first aviation weather services were provided to civil aviation on 20 March 1924 when Aero started operating from Helsinki to Tallinn. According to the 100-year-old weather report, the weather was \"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"variable with occasional snowfall and clear spells. Northerly and north-easterly winds in the north, variable winds in the south","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The aviation weather department of the Central Meteorological Institute, the predecessor of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, was established in Malmi, Helsinki on 16 December 1936. The first meteorologist in Malmi was ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Aili Nurminen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" (MS), who became Finland's first chief aviation meteorologist two years later. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the first decades, aviation weather products were mainly hand-made charts. Pilots were briefed for flights at the airport's weather service, also known as “Meteo\". ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finland joined the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1949. International cooperation has contributed to the current shape of the services: for example, aviation weather observations (METARs) and aerodrome forecasts (TAFs) have remained the basically same for more than half a century. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the 1980s, FMI developed the first graphic workstation for weather forecasters, which revolutionised their work. In 1997, a tool called TAF Editor was created for aviation weather forecasting to help aviation meteorologists. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"On 1 June 2012, aviation observation services were transferred from Finavia to FMI, which is responsible for producing and developing aviation weather observation, forecasting and warning services in the Finnish Flight Information Region. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Head of Group Riikka Pusa, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 407 3967, riikka.pusa@fmi.fi  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Civil Aviation Account Manager Ida-Reetta Virranjoki, tel. +358 45 111 6992, ida-reetta.virranjoki@fmi.fi  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/aviation"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Aviation weather services","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4kYDUaPcpuCL4z3pgQhgFn","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-11T09:35:45.673Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-11T09:35:45.673Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"puheenvuoro","title":"Extreme weather phenomena and climate change require preparedness and risk management","leadParagraph":"There is a demand for Finnish research data and services, both in Finland and internationally. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4a3zye6Yxt1lm41BREC5ib","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-11T09:33:35.321Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-11T09:33:35.321Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Tulva Thaimaassa","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"eWkmoex9imWR2EShhIeR1","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-02-29T08:21:09.646Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-29T08:21:09.646Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Tulva Thaimaassa wildarun stock.adobe.com","description":"tulva, sää, ääri-ilmiö, AdobeStock 76470798","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/eWkmoex9imWR2EShhIeR1/369419e98c4e01ebde34f34c9cb80503/AdobeStock_76470798.jpeg","details":{"size":140328,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_76470798.jpeg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"The picture shows a person walking a bike through a flood, surrounded by a large amount of water.","plainTextImageCaption":"Picture: wildarun - stock.adobe.com.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The World Economic Forum, organised annually in Davos, assesses future risks to the global economy at its January meetings. This year, the greatest risks in the 2030s were estimated to be extreme weather phenomena and climate change, respectively.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Undesirable records were broken in 2023","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The year 2023 will remain in history as the hottest year yet. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), we reached a temperature 1.45°C higher than that of the pre-industrial times. This was in particular due to the use of fossil fuels, which has increased exponentially since the Second World War and is a dominant factor in global warming. Two thirds of the climate problem is caused by the use of fossil fuels, about one tenth by the destruction of non-renewable tropical rainforests, and about one fifth by methane produced by mires, rice farming and cattle.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Another reason for the record breaking is the natural variation in surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. In the record years of 2023 and 2016, the so-called El Niño prevailed, which raised sea surface temperatures above normal. For the past three years, the region was dominated by La Niña, causing colder temperatures, which was also the reason why the global heat record of all time was not broken.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In 2023, new records were reached again in the concentrations of the three most important greenhouse gases, namely carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The most significant of these, by far, is carbon dioxide, which takes up to thousands of years to leave the atmosphere naturally, while the second most important methane has a lifetime of only 11 years. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Glaciers will continue to melt for up to thousands of years ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The world's mountain glaciers are melting at an accelerating pace. It is estimated that, by the end of the century, a large proportion of glaciers will only produce a small amount of water to the world's rivers. For example, in 2022 and 2023, a record-breaking amount, over 10% of the mass of Swiss glaciers was lost. Last year also saw a new record in the melting of Greenland. The sea ice in the Arctic region continues to melt, but in recent years the previously stable ice cover on the Antarctica has also started to melt, and the new minimum was broken in 2023.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The melting of glaciers is expected to continue for up to thousands of years, due to the high level of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere. This is estimated to lead to a rise in seawater levels from about half a metre to one metre per century. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Instead, the negative trend in weather phenomena, such as heat waves, floods, drought and tropical storms, can be turned around in the 2060s, if we succeed in reaching the 1.5-2.0 degrees global warming stated in the Paris Agreement. In any case, the harmful trend will continue until the 2060s, and there is no going back to the cooler climate of the 1900s.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Solutions for climate change from research and services ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"At the request of UN Secretary-General ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"António Guterres","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":", the WMO launched the \"Early Warning Services for All\" project to improve weather services in around 100 countries with a budget of $3.1 billion by the end of 2027. Approximately half of the budget will be used to improve observation activities, as well as weather service infrastructure and competence. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute and Finnish companies have an excellent opportunity to participate in this project. Over the past few decades, the Finnish Meteorological Institute has carried out development and consultation projects in over 100 countries. Vaisala Oyj, then again, is the market leader in the weather equipment sector.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"From an international perspective, the Finnish Meteorological Institute has high-quality expertise in science, as well as in weather and marine services. We produce services and scientific data for the needs of society on a broad scale. The need for services and research data has increased as climate change progresses, the security environment has become more volatile, and society's weather sensitivity has grown. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"We also collaborate actively with companies in the weather, space and maritime sectors. There is growing demand for our expertise in the planning and operation of climate-friendly energy forms. Agricultural and forestry operators need high-quality information on the functions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions and sinks. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Colleagues from different countries have asked what the secret of our success is. My response has been the exceptionally challenging climate with snow and ice, and Nikolai I's decision to establish the institute in connection with the Alexander University in 1838. This science orientation has continued and strengthened to the present day. We have been extremely successful in the EU's research programmes, as well as in the Research Council of Finland’s applications together with the Universities of Helsinki, Eastern Finland, Oulu and Aalto University.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute will continue to actively develop its operations, to ensure that various actors in society receive high-quality information and services to support their operations, in the private and public sector, both in Finland and globally.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Petteri Taalas","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The author is the Director General of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Petteri Taalas worked as Secretary-General of the WMO between 2016 and 2023. 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","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6ZCBsUJOSqsy7qRDDH7nua","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-06T12:21:29.518Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-06T12:30:49.070Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Talvimaisema Adobe Stock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6fk1cVlPWWDP0fceEdjZuH","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-03-01T09:10:19.870Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-01T09:10:19.870Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"AdobeStock 458360206 harmaa talvisää IL web 1200x675","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6fk1cVlPWWDP0fceEdjZuH/7d61389b2c1a4423cbeaa10659ecaf23/AdobeStock_458360206_harmaa_talvis_____IL_web_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":302720,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_458360206_harmaa_talvisää_IL web 1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Adobe Stock."}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the winter, i.e. the period from December to February, was colder than usual. Temperatures were widely 1–3 degrees below the long-term average. The last time that winter was colder in a large part of the country was in 2011, although it was colder in Northern Lapland in winter 2018. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"February was fairly ordinary in temperatures, but December and January, which were clearly colder than average, caused the whole winter to be recorded as colder than usual. The average temperature in the winter varied between approximately ‒1 degree Celsius in the southwest archipelago to ‒14 degrees in Eastern and Northern Lapland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The lowest temperature for the winter, ‒44.3 degrees Celsius, was measured at the Enontekiö Airport on 5 January. This was also the lowest temperature measured in Finland in the 2000s. The highest temperature for the winter, +6.8 degrees, was recorded at the Kökar observation station in Bogskär, on 19 December.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The precipitation from December to February was close to the typical level, with the west coast and Lapland experiencing precipitation slightly below the long-term average levels. \nAccording to preliminary data, the highest precipitation for the winter months, 207.6 mm, was recorded at the Kumpula observation station in Helsinki. The lowest amount of precipitation, 59.9 mm, was recorded at the Nellim observation station in Inari.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"During the winter months, most of the observation stations measured fewer hours of sunshine than usual.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"February was more rainy than usual","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, February's average temperature was fairly typical. The average temperature of the month varied between approximately ‒1 degree Celsius in the southwest archipelago to approximately ‒12 degrees in Eastern Lapland. The deviation from the long-term average was about one degree above the average in the southern part of the country and in Northern Lapland, in other parts of the country the average temperatures were close to normal. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The lowest temperature for the month, ‒39.7 degrees, was recorded at the Tulppio observation station in Savukoski, on 9 February. The highest temperature for the month, +6.2 degrees, was recorded at the Santahaka observation station in Kokkola, on 24 February.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With the exception of Lapland, February was more rainy than usual, in places even exceptionally rainy. According to preliminary data, the highest amount of precipitation in February was recorded in Kangasniemi village, where the total amount of rainfall was 90 mm. The highest amount of precipitation within a 24-hour period, 36.8 mm, was measured at the Jomalaby observation station in Jomala, on 16 February. The lowest amount of precipitation was recorded at the Näkkälä observation station in Enontekiö, only 11.6 mm.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the end of February, snow was found at all observation stations in mainland Finland. There was no snow in the Åland Islands and in parts of the southwest archipelago. Snow cover was deepest, 111 cm, at the Puolanka Paljakka observation station in Kainuu. Especially in the central part of the country, the amount of snow was higher than usual, even exceptionally high at some places from Central Finland to Kainuu. On the southern coast and in Eastern Lapland, there were areas with less snow than average. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"February saw 30‒70 hours of sunshine. Generally speaking, the number of hours of direct sunlight was slightly below usual.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Climate in Finland","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. 0600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Weather","Statistics","Climate"],"showEditedDatetime":false,"sendEMailsAfterEdit":false}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"YUIh0N4euxnx5ICnNXmn8","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-04T12:25:10.490Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-04T12:25:10.490Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Scientists derived new equation for the classical theory of atmospheric turbulence ","leadParagraph":"A new study addressed the theory of atmospheric turbulence in the lowermost layers above the Earth surface and the relationships of turbulent mixing and the vertical profiles of wind, air temperature, and air moisture. Researchers discovered new equation for the classical theory using traditional methods: pen and pencil.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2ZVga7PZJiUUDnUQbdhlQd","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2023-02-03T09:32:49.417Z","updatedAt":"2023-02-03T09:34:31.181Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pilviä ja taivasta Adobe Stock","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"mGbvC0zDf2GypiycRyeKZ","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-02-03T12:51:26.616Z","updatedAt":"2021-02-03T12:51:26.616Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Adobe Stock ilmakehä pilvet ","description":"Kuva: Adobe Stock.","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/mGbvC0zDf2GypiycRyeKZ/817859d572f4b7bbfa635ba7133d5443/AdobeStock_405861798_ilmakeh___pilvet.jpeg","details":{"size":328799,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_405861798_ilmakehä_pilvet.jpeg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Pilviä taivaalla.","plainTextImageCaption":"Kuva: Adobe Stock.","language":"FI"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The theory of A.S. Monin and A.M. Obukhov from 1954 is the most commonly used theory for describing the lowest layer of the atmosphere and plays an important role in our ability to model both weather and climate.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Numerical weather prediction and climate models have applied the Monin-Obukhov theory over several decades as the cornerstone for presentation of exchange of heat, moisture and momentum between the Earth surface and the atmosphere. It has been known that the theory is not exactly valid in all conditions but efforts to improve or replace it have so far progressed slowly.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientists discovered new results related to the theory by returning to the basics of analysis by pen and paper. The new equation was derived which rephrases the classical theory of Monin and Obukhov. It was derived by reconsidering the original derivation and increasing the scope. Although this new phrasing does not describe the atmosphere in greater detail than the original, its form allows for intuitive results which are opaque in the original.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"\"This discovery improves our understanding of the lower atmosphere and provides a clearer and concise presentation, enabling future advances on the topic\", says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Gabin Urbancic","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", scientist at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The research was carried out during 2022–2023. The work was done in collaboration with the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the University of Innsbruck, Austria, and the Wageningen University, The Netherlands.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientist Gabin Urbancic, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:gabin.urbancic@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"gabin.urbancic@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific article ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00854-6"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"is available in Boundary-Layer Meteorology journal","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reference: Urbancic, G.H., Stiperski, I., Holtslag, A.A.M., Mosso, S. and Vihma, T. (2024). A Novel Similarity Approach for Describing the Bulk Shear in the Atmospheric Surface Layer. 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They combine high-quality research with versatile economic and social impact. The Finnish Meteorological Institute is involved in three flagship consortiums.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2lQpqJGiqYjOGpArO65ent","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-01T09:49:33.093Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-01T09:49:33.093Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":19,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Nainen ruokakaupassa _KUBE_ stock.adobe.com","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6vMWM90wi0hH2Pe6VJQuqF","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-03-01T07:23:38.354Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-01T07:23:38.354Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Nainen ruokakaupassa _KUBE_ stock.adobe.com","description":"ruoka, ruokakauppa, AdobeStock 286139856","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/6vMWM90wi0hH2Pe6VJQuqF/332b7fe588cbb2eca759d490bebbc063/AdobeStock_286139856.jpg","details":{"size":194974,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_286139856.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"A person in a shop holding a mobile phone and an oil bottle.","plainTextImageCaption":"By utilizing research data, customers can be informed about the climate impacts of products. Photo: _KUBE_ - stock.adobe.com.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Research Council of Finland’s Flagship Programme responds to societal change and the need to create a broader and more effective cooperation network for research. Flagship is an appropriate name, as the consortiums funded under the programme bring together the most influential actors in each field, both from the private and public sectors. The basic idea of flagships is to achieve the greatest possible scientific, economic and social impact through cooperation.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is involved in three different flagship consortiums. The ACCC (Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center), in operation since 2020, generates further understanding of climate change and air quality. One of the new flagship ventures, DIWA (Digital Waters), launched in early 2024, produces information on water and snow, while the other one, FAME (Flagship of Advanced Mathematics for Sensing, Imaging and Modelling), harnesses mathematical modelling for the use of different applications.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Flagship consortiums bring together research on specific topics","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Traditionally, researchers plan a project and then apply for funding to carry out their research. Alternatively, researchers can participate in research projects that focus on a specific research topic determined by the funder. In the flagship programme, research is approached in a new way. The flagship consortium serves as an umbrella that brings together the highest-quality research in a specific subject. Through a collaborative effort, the consortium implementers devise the most effective strategies and select the most suitable partners.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finnish research institutes and higher education institutions have already earlier worked in close cooperation with each other and with actors outside the world of research. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The flagship consortium facilitates the enhancement and broadening of partnerships, enabling substantial and concrete cooperation across diverse research areas,” says ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Jari Liski","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Chief Scientist of the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flagship consortium also strengthen collaboration within the research institute. For example, all three fields of research at the Finnish Meteorological Institute participate in the ACCC flagship: climate change research, meteorological and marine research, and the Space and Earth Observation Centre. The cooperation between researchers from multiple sectors has yielded fruitful results, including improved satellite-based inventory methods of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The Finnish Meteorological Institute is a key actor in developing methods for assessing and comparing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sinks from the atmosphere, as reported by different states. The methods have been developed by combining satellite measurements and modelling of the carbon cycle and the atmosphere.”","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientific information leads to new services","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"All flagship initiatives have strong ties to the business sector. The consortiums are developing solutions that enhance business opportunities for companies. Businesses do not have to wade through scientific articles, as they are offered services based on science.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The verification of carbon sequestration is one example of climate research. When a company can validate its carbon sequestration and emitting practices through scientific research, it is equipped to make decisions based on researched information – and to also demonstrate this to its partners and customers,” Jari Liski explains. “We are in the process of developing a service with large food companies that can be used to measure and track real-time carbon emissions and sinks in agricultural fields, as well as nitrogen oxide emissions.”","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"At the societal level, the development of services includes enhancing the national greenhouse gas inventory systems.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“We are developing Finland’s greenhouse gas calculation system in a direction that will shed light on the contributions of farmers who are implementing environmentally-friendly solutions in their work.”","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Similar work is being done to develop services in areas such as climate change adaptation, air quality, water resources and energy weather that affects the production of wind and solar energy.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The consortium partners have also shared experiences of cooperation between companies and researchers. Using tried and tested methods will lead to a greater impact and more efficient use of resources.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"RXFDjlUOObOzps94Uap4S","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-03-01T09:51:42.483Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-01T09:51:42.483Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Hauhon koetila Layla Höckerstedt","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"48uWgoDYWOzz08hApaEH4P","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-02-29T10:06:47.994Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-29T10:06:47.994Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":15,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Hiilensidontatutkimus Hauhon koetilalla Layla Höckerstedt","description":"tutkimus, hiilensidonta, pelto, Hauho","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/48uWgoDYWOzz08hApaEH4P/b58a3ea2fc94e5ad602f14684cf85724/20230814_112618_1200x675.jpg","details":{"size":794807,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"20230814_112618_1200x675.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"A person stands in a summer field next to a measuring device, holding a mobile phone.","plainTextImageCaption":"Researchers are investigating the cultivation methods by which carbon can be most effectively sequestered in the soil. In the picture, Veronika Meriläinen, an employee of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, is in the fields of Lantmännen's experimental farm in Hauho in August 2023. Photo: Layla Höckerstedt.","language":"EN"}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Impact targets challenge and inspire researchers","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Flagship consortiums receive funding for several years at a time, which enables long-term cooperation.The flagship programmes feature the highest level of Finnish scientific expertise, complemented with notable economic and societal impacts.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The flagship programme creates a significant avenue for fostering advancements in science and technology and to have a positive impact on our society,” says Jari Liski.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The flagship programme has also steered new funding opportunities. Research Council of Finland has directed funding to, for example, doctoral education when 800 doctoral candidate positions have been open for application in the flagship consortiums’ sectors. In addition, a call for funding applications has been organised for those participating in the flagship programme and the Research Council of Finland’s Centres of Excellence with the aim of developing new operating models based on research for the needs of business, public administration and the third sector.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Involvement in a flagship consortium is also a true reflection of expertise. According to Jari Liski, it is a clear representation of top-quality work and collaboration skills, as well as a testament of sorts to the high standard of research. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In addition to conducting high-quality scientific work, researchers are also motivated by the impact of research, which is in a league of its own in the flagship consortiums. According to Jari Liski, it is an inspiring, challenging and weighty responsibility to utilise research to create solutions and services that benefit society without sacrificing scientific integrity.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“The concrete impact targets of the flagship consortium do not come at the expense of science, but rather complement it,” Jari Liski summarises.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[],"nodeType":"hr"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Research Council of Finland’s Flagship Programme","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Flagship Programme comprises fourteen flagships, whose host organisations include nine universities, six research institutes, Helsinki University Hospital, the Finnish Red Cross Blood Service and CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Research Council of Finland’s total funding for the Finnish Flagship Programme is almost 300 million euros.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.aka.fi/en/research-funding/programmes-and-other-funding-schemes/flagship-programme/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Research Council of Finland’s Flagship Programme","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is involved in the following flagships:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Digital Waters (DIWA)","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" The flagship aims to develop into a top-tier water research cluster and innovation ecosystem that, through its research results, supports decision-making and paves the way for the next revolution in the water sector – digitally. The flagship combines the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s expertise in modelling and mapping the snow cover with other expertise in the water sector in Finland and produces researched information on water resources, the aquatic environment and water management. At the same time, it strengthens cooperation between universities, research institutes and business partners engaged in teaching and research in the water sector. The flagship is led by the University of Oulu, and the participating organisations include the University of Turku, Aalto University, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Finnish Environment Institute and the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Flagship of Advanced Mathematics for Sensing, Imaging and Modelling (FAME)","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" The flagship develops methods of applied mathematics and physics for the needs of society, such as medical imaging, monitoring of industrial processes, testing structures for defects without breaking them, and interpreting satellite data. The Finnish Meteorological Institute uses computational methods, especially in energy weather applications and the mapping of greenhouse gas sources and sinks, utilising satellite observations and inversion modelling. The flagship is led by the University of Eastern Finland, and the participating organisations include the University of Helsinki, LUT University, University of Jyväskylä, Aalto University, University of Oulu, Tampere University and the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.acccflagship.fi/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"The Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center (ACCC) .","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" The aim is to increase understanding of climate change and air pollution. The flagship consortium promotes international, EU and Finland’s climate objectives by producing scientific data and making it available to various societal actors. The flagship is led by the University of Helsinki, and the participating organisations include the Finnish Meteorological Institute, University of Eastern Finland and Tampere University.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Throughout the spring, we will feature articles on our website that delve deeper into each of the three flagship initiatives.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Research"],"publishers":["Kaisa Ryynänen"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3Q9X9bLYabIoOFHLo6yoVx","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-29T13:09:18.632Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-29T13:09:18.632Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":10,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Finnish lidar network for atmospheric aerosols was assessed for the first time","leadParagraph":"For the first-time, long-term capability of the HALO Doppler lidar network across Finland has been assessed. It shows a tremendous potential in continuous monitoring of atmospheric aerosol up to the cloud base. This opens new possibilities to support air quality and the safety of aviation especially in case of volcanic eruptions.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"32kBkbmZ0xWKhG4GvLXlI6","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2021-05-18T13:49:35.059Z","updatedAt":"2021-05-18T13:49:50.435Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"aerosol lidar Antonin Halas","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4Yw6V6OyQ9AmDE6V2ValD3","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2020-06-03T19:08:45.204Z","updatedAt":"2021-05-18T13:51:39.940Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":5,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Lidar tutka Antonin Halas","description":"lidar, tutka, Antonin Halas","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/4Yw6V6OyQ9AmDE6V2ValD3/bc42556e631df7db7389b6a10271ecba/Lidar750px.jpg","details":{"size":61432,"image":{"width":1200,"height":674}},"fileName":"Lidar750px.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Antonin Halas"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In the study, data from a network of four HALO Doppler lidars in Utö, Hyytiälä, Vehmasmäki and Sodankylä were analyzed. These instruments can continuously observe and provide information of the atmosphere up to 9 kilometers or below the cloud base.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"For all the instruments, the noise level shows stable performance but clear differences among them. The analysis also shows that all the instruments have an adequate long-term performance in measuring aerosol depolarization ratio.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientists developed a background correction method and constructed an algorithm to distinguish aerosol particles from other constituents in the atmosphere. This methodology could be applied to other stand-alone HALO Doppler lidars and thus expand the capability of observing atmospheric aerosol around the world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Atmospheric aerosol was observed up to the cloud base","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"All the four measurement sites have low values of depolarization ratio of aerosol in the winter months and higher values in the summer months. This is attributed to the frequent presence of irregular-shaped pollen particles in relatively clean background air in the summer.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An elevated layer of aerosol with high depolarization ratio was observed on top of the boundary layer aerosol by the HALO Doppler lidars in Hyytiälä and Utö. Analysis from simulation and satellite measurement further suggests this layer is a long-range-transport dust from western Sahara. The detection of this layer demonstrates the potential of the HALO Doppler lidar network in providing timely warning for aviation and for air quality authorities.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Doctoral researcher Viet Le, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:viet.le@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"viet.le@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The scientific article is highlighted by the Atmospheric Measurement Techniques journal and available at ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/17/921/2024/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/17/921/2024/","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reference: Le, V., Lobo, H., O'Connor, E. J., & Vakkari, V.: Long-term aerosol particle depolarization ratio measurements with HALO Photonics Doppler lidar. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"17","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"(3), 921-941, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-921-2024"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-921-2024","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 2024","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Research"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"z3mzp4xkMhdu4DtVPFYv3","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-14T08:53:38.492Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-14T09:44:55.181Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":18,"revision":3,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Finnish Meteorological Institute assists Finnish Food Authority in utilizing satellite data","leadParagraph":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is providing the Finnish Food Authority and IT company CGI with a service based on satellite data and modeling, which is used for monitoring agriculture.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"4GQUkGhuSa2Sp81mSieerM","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-14T08:49:50.677Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-14T08:49:50.677Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Pelto EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7pU3GixhHy6qNccLa2tM42","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-10-25T14:04:34.463Z","updatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:04:34.463Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":8,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Adobe Stock pelto ","description":"Adobe Stock, pelto, metsä, maatalous, kasvukausi","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7pU3GixhHy6qNccLa2tM42/6e55fcd8f453f43214b31373919fbc7f/AdobeStock_77241933_pelto_metsaa.png","details":{"size":1559661,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_77241933_pelto_metsaa.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"altText":"In the picture, a summery field flourishing in the sunshine.","plainTextImageCaption":"Picture: Adobe Stock","language":"EN"}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute is involved in developing a system that enables more precise monitoring and analysis of agricultural land condition, crop potential, and fertilizer needs. ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The project utilizes satellite data, physical soil temperature and moisture models, and artificial intelligence to identify Finnish field crop species, maintenance needs, and actions taken, such as mowing and soil cultivation.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Satellite data aids in planning agricultural activities","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The Finnish Meteorological Institute supplies the Finnish Food Authority with satellite data, consisting of the backscattering coefficient and coherence of Sentinel-1 data. Coherence indicates the phase change of the radar signal between two consecutive measurements, which occurs every 12 days with the Sentinel-1 satellite. Additionally, the institute's operational hydrological model (HOPS) calculates daily comprehensive information on soil frost and moisture covering the entire Finland with a spatial resolution of 250 meters. These products are automatically delivered daily as inputs to machine learning models at CGI.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Results from machine learning models are utilized in optimizing agricultural activities such as sowing and harvesting times. The generated information also aids in determining the eligibility of field blocks for support, improving the accuracy of subsidy applications and reducing administrative work for farmers.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In addition to collaboration with the Finnish Food Authority, the Finnish Meteorological Institute utilizes satellite measurements in its developed system for measuring and calculating carbon and greenhouse gases in fields, demonstrated in the Field Observatory.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Digitalization and innovations address challenges in the agricultural sector","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The reform of Finland's agricultural policy emphasizes food security, competitiveness of farms, environmental and climate goals, and a vibrant rural area. Digitalization and innovations are key tools to address challenges in the agricultural sector.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The goal of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy is to strengthen the safety, reliability, nutritional value, and quality of food systems, as well as promote their sustainability. A sustainable approach to food production supports environmental protection, societal well-being, public health, and enables the fair distribution of economic benefits.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Dr. Kari Luojus, Head of Satellite Services and Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 29 539 4683, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:kari.luojus@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"kari.luojus@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" \nScientist Jaakko Ikonen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 29 539 2099, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:jaakko.ikonen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"jaakko.ikonen@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" \nField Observatory & carbon cycle: Prof. Jari Liski, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel.  +358 29 539 6086  ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:jari.liski@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"jari.liski@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"YIsa9OCId4URc7eKGliMH","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-14T08:52:58.866Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-14T08:52:58.866Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Satelliittikarttakuva EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1Ctt2k9HBlqyBpnWHo9vwM","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-02-14T08:44:26.336Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-14T08:44:26.336Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Karttakuva ","description":"Satelliitti, Kartta","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/1Ctt2k9HBlqyBpnWHo9vwM/ef26d4fe5a080cb2892a2d5efed88eb0/Satelliittikartta.png","details":{"size":566918,"image":{"width":374,"height":643}},"fileName":"Satelliittikartta.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"altText":"Map of Finland. In Southern Finland, the soil temperature is around four degrees, in Central Finland, it is around a couple of degrees, and in Northern Finland, it is close to zero or slightly below freezing.","plainTextImageCaption":"Soil temperature at a depth of 20 centimeters on May 1, 2023, as estimated by the Finnish Meteorological Institute's hydrological model (HOPS). 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The project improves our understanding of space weather.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"5K6WTcZJ1SzFZWk70hbaW1","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-08T09:58:31.665Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-08T10:53:38.569Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":21,"revision":2,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"BepiColombo ESA","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2BX03sliKnuw95YwqRMJvF","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-02-08T09:38:36.535Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-08T09:38:36.535Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":14,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Havainnekuva BepiColombo-luotaimesta ESA","description":"BepiColombo, luotain, avaruussää","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/2BX03sliKnuw95YwqRMJvF/175a9a38a4b347a3fcf64325cb37a03a/BepiColombo.jpg","details":{"size":159689,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"BepiColombo.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Artist's impression of BepiColombo in space. In the front, there are two orbiters, the Sun and Mercury are shown in the background.","plainTextImageCaption":"Artist’s impression of the BepiColombo spacecraft in space. The mission comprises ESA’s Mercury Planetary Orbiter (depicted at the top )and JAXA’s Mio orbiter. Image: ESA.","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The funded project studies space weather as observed by the European Space Agency's and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's BepiColombo Mercury orbiters and modeled by computer simulations. The project increases our ability to mitigate adverse effects of space weather to technological systems and humans in space near Earth and elsewhere in the solar system.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The project brings new scientific understanding especially about the generation and dynamics of energetic particles in magnetospheres and properties of strong space weather phenomena. In addition, solar wind particles impacting on the surface minerals of Mercury are studied; these impacts release atoms and molecules from the planetary surface leading to the formation of a tenuous exosphere.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"”The ERC project enables the development of a new type global particle simulation model for space weather. We will use it to interpret new observations from Mercury's magnetosphere as well as space weather at other planets in the future”, says scientist ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Riku Järvinen ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"from the Finnish Meteorological Institute.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Strong investment in BepiColombo instrumentation ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"BepiColombo arrives at Mercury in December 2025. After this, the two probes are inserted into their own orbits around the planet. Finnish Meteorological Institute lead the development of a joint micro controllel for the Finnish-lead SIXS instrument and the English-lead MIXS instrument in the BepiColombo program. The participation in BepiColombo is among the biggest investments in solar system exploration missions by Finland.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"”In addition to Earth, several advanced numerical simulation models for space weather of all terrestrial planets, Moon and other smaller celestial bodies have been developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute since 1990s. We have also participated in building instrumentation and international science programs on many solar system missions”, says Riku Järvinen.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"European Research Council (ERC) is the premier European funding organisation for excellent frontier research. Latest statistics show that the ERC Consolidator Grant calls in 2013–2021 received on average about 2500 proposals per year, and 13 % of those were funded. On average, 85 proposals per year were submitted from Finland in these calls and 7 % of those were funded. ERC Starting and Advanced Grants had similar success rates.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Finnish Meteorological Institute is the only research institute in Finland that has received more than one ERC grant since the establisment of the ERC in 2007.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Further information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Scientist Riku Järvinen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:riku.jarvinen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"riku.jarvinen@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"  ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://erc.europa.eu/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"European Research Council website","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/BepiColombo"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"European Space Agency website: BepiColombo","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Research","Space"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"62vygD865QXBtOuFDMAdLd","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-06T12:54:11.611Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-06T12:54:11.611Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":19,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"tiedote","title":"The coldest January in eight years ","leadParagraph":"The month started very cold but ended mild. At the beginning of January, –44.3 degrees was measured in Enontekiö; the coldest recorded reading in Finland since January 1999. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"6jrSLdHPVnaQYPZPrEh2aq","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-06T12:47:34.518Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-06T12:47:34.518Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Kuurankukat Eija Vallinheimo","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"19secXpBAeRNBKGCeD824d","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2021-03-01T09:34:31.508Z","updatedAt":"2023-12-29T08:08:31.719Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":2,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Kuurankukka Eija Vallinheimo","description":"talvi, pakkanen, lumi, jää, kuurankukka","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/19secXpBAeRNBKGCeD824d/8098366fe339226c0c2c91114bcdbc79/verkkoon_kuurankukkia_evallinheimo.png","details":{"size":1495178,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"verkkoon_kuurankukkia_evallinheimo.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"plainTextImageCaption":"Photo: Eija Vallinheimo."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"According to the statistics of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the average temperature in January varied from approximately ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"–","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"3 degrees Celsius in the southwest archipelago to ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"–","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"17 degrees Celsius in Eastern Lapland. January was colder than usual in the whole country. The temperature deviation from the long-term average was mainly between 3°C and 6°C. On average, such a cold January occurs every 5 to 10 years. The previous colder January was in 2016.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The year began in freezing temperatures, and during the first week of January it was occasionally even exceptionally cold. The lowest temperature in January, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"–","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"text","value":"44.3 degrees, was recorded at Enontekiö Airport, on the 5th day of the month. The highest temperature in January, 5.7 degrees Celsius, was measured at Kemi I lighthouse, on 9 January, as well as at Hammarland Märket, on the 22nd of the month.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The last week of January saw very mild temperatures, compared to the seasonal average.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Precipitation levels near normal","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"In January, precipitation levels were close to or slightly below normal levels. The precipitation was mainly 20‒60 millimetres. According to preliminary data, the highest amount of precipitation in January was 71.8 mm, recorded in Huhtilampi, Joensuu. The lowest precipitation, according to preliminary data, was 13.2 mm, recorded in Laitala, Toholampi.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"At the end of the month, there was snow in mainland Finland from about 15 centimetres in Southwest Finland to 96 centimetres in Kilpisjärvi. In Åland and the southwest archipelago, there was a few centimetres of snow. In many places, the snow depth was approximately 10 centimetres higher than usual.  ","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"More information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Climate in Finland","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Weather statistics from the Climate Service, tel. 0600 1 0601 (€ 4.01/min + local network fee)","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Weather","Statistics","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1qi6rludktElyQrcS1d5cu","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-06T09:30:37.397Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-06T09:30:37.397Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"Spaceborne lidars are the best tool to monitor long-range-transported smoke  ","leadParagraph":"The smoke particles from Canadian wildfires were transported to Europe. Such long-range-transported biomass burning aerosol particles can be monitored with spaceborne lidars, but reanalysis models have difficulties in describing the location and mass of the aerosols, especially after long-range transport. ","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"58If8zLpgN6V7OSsIBaGMK","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-06T09:28:33.576Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-06T09:28:33.576Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":5,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Calipso EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"7xX9rJBzGXJclb107m2haT","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-02-06T09:23:08.806Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-06T09:23:08.806Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":16,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Calipso","description":"Satelliitti","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/7xX9rJBzGXJclb107m2haT/b753b670a06c42e24021ffc44a3ed94e/Calipso-02-1024.jpg","details":{"size":180732,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"Calipso-02-1024.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"The Calipso satellite floating in the picture.","plainTextImageCaption":"Picture: CNES /Juillet 2004 / illustration P. CARRIL. ","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In May–June 2019, smoke plumes from wildfires in Canada were advected all the way (across North America and the North Atlantic) to Europe. The analysis of aerosol mass concentrations over North America and Europe showed that less than one-tenth of the emitted mass survived the transport over the Atlantic Ocean. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Observations of smoke particles from the spaceborne lidar and ground-based lidars were in good agreements, independently from the distance to the source. We found that the reanalysis models had difficulties in reproducing the amount and location of the smoke aerosols during the transport event. Consequently, more spaceborne lidar missions are needed for reliable monitoring of aerosol plumes. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"More information: ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Xiaoxia Shang, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 3044824, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:xiaoxia.shang@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"xiaoxia.shang@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Tero Mielonen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 4018738, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:tero.mielonen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"tero.mielonen@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Shang, X., Lipponen, A., Filioglou, M., Sundström, A.-M., Parrington, M., Buchard, V., Darmenov, A. S., Welton, E. J., Marinou, E., Amiridis, V., Sicard, M., Rodríguez-Gómez, A., Komppula, M., and Mielonen, T.: Monitoring biomass burning aerosol transport using CALIOP observations and reanalysis models: a Canadian wildfire event in 2019, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1329–1344, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 2024. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":[]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"27TqYevFigYyLF8XzKfVCk","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-01T11:50:20.699Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-01T11:50:20.699Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":24,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"The jump in global temperatures in September 2023 is very difficult to explain by natural climate variability alone","leadParagraph":"September broke the global mean temperature record by a staggering 0.5°C difference from the previous record. A new study calls for further analysis of the impact of volcanoes and anthropogenic climate forcing on the new record.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2zGvKnQYMLQ2LTXqlYrjO0","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-01T11:37:19.172Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-01T11:37:19.172Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Galgary in Sebtember 2023 Jeff Whyte - stock.adobe.com","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"FNO8CFNoKHG1Um1snCB4J","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-02-01T11:32:57.635Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-01T11:32:57.635Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":12,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Galgary syksyllä 2023 Jeff Whyte stock.adobe.com","description":"Galgary, Alberta, Kanada, syksy, kaupunki","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/FNO8CFNoKHG1Um1snCB4J/46a574e887fcdb7db0a6d9be35d2a82a/AdobeStock_648712329_Editorial_Use_Only.jpeg","details":{"size":4986117,"image":{"width":6048,"height":3402}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_648712329_Editorial_Use_Only.jpeg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"Tall buildings in a city, in the front trees in autumn colours.","plainTextImageCaption":"Galgary, Canada, in September 2023.","language":"EN."}},"content":{"nodeType":"document","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"September 2023 was the warmest September on record globally by a very wide margin. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00582-9"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"A new study by the scientists from the Finnish Meteorological Institute shows","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":" that it is highly unlikely that climate change and natural climate variability, such as the ongoing El Niño phenomenon, would be sufficient to cause the new record.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The global mean temperature in September 2023 was 0.93°C warmer than the 1991-2020 average, breaking the previous record set in 2020 by a margin of 0.5°C. This was the largest margin by which the previous monthly record has been broken in any calendar month.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The record margin for September 2023 was exceptional due to its timing. Typically, the biggest jumps in monthly temperatures are observed in the winter months, when the El Niño phenomenon, which raises global temperatures, reaches its peak. Consequently, the previous record high margin was observed in February 2016, supported by a strong El Niño. Unlike February 2016, the current El Niño was not near its maximum in September 2023.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"What caused the high global temperature in September?","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The unprecedented jump in average temperatures has puzzled scientists. Some scientists have argued that the half-degree margin between September 2020 and 2023 can be explained by ongoing climate change and natural climate variability, such as the change of a three-year La Niña into an El Niño. Others have suggested that the Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption in January 2021 or the reduction in sulphur emissions from shipping in 2020 may have contributed to the record temperatures of recent months.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study, published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, compared climate model-simulated record margins with observations. It was found that the observed record margin of 0.5°C is a very rare event in model simulations spanning from 1970 to 2050. Similar records occur in only about once in a hundred simulations. The study estimated that the contribution of volcanic eruptions and reductions in sulphur emissions to the record margin could be around 0.1°C, which would significantly increase the likelihood of the September record.","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"heading-2","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Further information:","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Researcher Mika Rantanen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 50 475 0756, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:mika.rantanen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"mika.rantanen@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Academy professor Ari Laaksonen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, tel. +358 40 513 7900, ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"mailto:ari.laaksonen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"ari.laaksonen@fmi.fi","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"The study is freely available ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00582-9"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science journal","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Reference: Rantanen, M. & Laaksonen, A. (2024). The jump in global temperatures in September 2023 is extremely unlikely due to internal climate variability alone. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. ","marks":[],"data":{}},{"nodeType":"hyperlink","data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00582-9"},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00582-9","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"text","value":".","marks":[],"data":{}}]},{"nodeType":"embedded-entry-block","data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"2Atgs7SyK952sDw6lIDGBc","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-02-01T11:42:44.371Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-01T11:42:44.371Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":9,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Temperature anomaly 1991-2020","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"3FPFfb5OMbvzQRn0LqzEtZ","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-02-01T11:25:01.820Z","updatedAt":"2024-02-01T11:25:01.820Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":4,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Maapallon keskilämpötila syyskuussa vuosina 1940–2023","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/3FPFfb5OMbvzQRn0LqzEtZ/adb47bd942a4dfdd675170aec938b3f6/Picture1.png","details":{"size":39402,"image":{"width":602,"height":337}},"fileName":"Picture1.png","contentType":"image/png"}}},"altText":"The graph shows how the global average temperature has risen from 1940 to 2023. A clear jump can be seen in September 2023.","plainTextImageCaption":"Global mean temperature in September in 1940-2023 based on ERA5 reanalysis. Black circles indicate previous record-breaking Septembers before 2023. The temperatures are given in anomalies with respect to the 1991-2020 period. The figure is from the study published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science on February 1, 2024.","language":"EN"}}},"content":[]},{"nodeType":"paragraph","data":{},"content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"","marks":[],"data":{}}]}]},"tags":["Science news","Research","Climate"]}},{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"MUxLKVG400RRAX0HSaEV9","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-01-26T07:40:56.339Z","updatedAt":"2024-01-26T07:40:56.339Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":13,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"newsItem"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"site":"en","type":"uutinen","title":"New model for snow reflectivity may enhance satellite measurements of carbon dioxide in the Arctic","leadParagraph":"New radiative transfer simulations at the Finnish Meteorological Institute will likely improve satellite remote sensing of carbon dioxide and therefore advance the study of the carbon cycle in the Arctic regions. The simulations support the planning of the European CO2M satellite mission.","thumbnail":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"1942TExBth5St6UKiGJVf8","type":"Entry","createdAt":"2024-01-26T07:37:47.520Z","updatedAt":"2024-01-26T07:37:47.520Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":6,"revision":1,"contentType":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"ContentType","id":"image"}},"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"name":"Arktinen maisemakuva EN","image":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"hli0qi7fbbos"}},"id":"73Q7IsGKUnKsIGaci4Yv4F","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-01-25T10:29:41.246Z","updatedAt":"2024-01-25T10:29:41.246Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":11,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Arktinen maisemakuva","description":"Maisema, talvi, lumi, aurinkoinen","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/hli0qi7fbbos/73Q7IsGKUnKsIGaci4Yv4F/eabb87f1a32e1d9b5a568cb4eed5120d/AdobeStock_304235176.jpeg","details":{"size":196911,"image":{"width":1200,"height":675}},"fileName":"AdobeStock_304235176.jpeg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}},"altText":"In the picture, a beautiful winter landscape from the Arctic region. The sun is shining, and spring is flourishing.","plainTextImageCaption":"Picture: Alexandre Patchine - stock.adobe.com","language":"EN"}},"content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Doctoral researcher ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Antti Mikkonen","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" at the Finnish Meteorological Institute devised a mathematical description of snow surface reflectance in the infrared region based on snow reflectivity measurements carried out by ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Jouni Peltoniemi","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" from Finnish Geospatial Research Institute. As a part of this research, Mikkonen developed a new simulation model for atmospheric infrared radiation which also accounts for polarization. Infrared radiation, as other kinds of electromagnetic radiation, propagates in the form of waves and the perpendicular direction of this wave motion is called polarization.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“Many previous simulators do not consider polarization, and in that case you lose part of the information in the satellite observations”, Mikkonen explains.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"When analyzing the simulated satellite observations we found that by viewing the reflected solar image on the snow surface the satellite can receive up to five times greater signal compared to the traditional observation mode, where the satellite is viewing directly downwards from the orbit. This finding enables the re-examination of existing observations of NASA’s OCO-2 satellite and supports the preparations of the European greenhouse gas monitoring satellite mission CO2M.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Satellites measure the changes in the carbon cycle in the Arctic region","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The climate change warms the Arctic regions four times faster compared to the rest of the world. Therefore it is especially important to observe the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases and their feedback loops in the Arctic. Satellite observations are an efficient way to carry out repeated and comprehensive measurements all over the world. They are specifically useful in locations where capabilities for other kinds of measurements are limited. To understand the carbon cycle, observations through the year are important.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Observing carbon dioxide from satellites is based on measuring infrared radiation, which originates from the Sun and is reflected off the surface of the Earth. To attain an adequate infrared signal, the surface of the Earth needs to be reflective enough. Unlike in the visible region, where snow is extremely bright and reflects almost all of the incident light, in the infrared region snow is very dark, which complicates the observations considerably.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The European Space Agency and the Academy of Finland were funding this research. The research is linked to the Academy of Finland’s Centre of Excellence in Inverse Modeling as well as the FAME- ja ACCC -flagships.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More information","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Doctoral Researcher Antti Mikkonen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:antti.mikkonen@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"antti.mikkonen@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Research Professor Hannakaisa Lindqvist, Finnish Meteorological Institute, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"mailto:hannakaisa.lindqvist@fmi.fi"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"hannakaisa.lindqvist@fmi.fi","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Antti Mikkonen, Hannakaisa Lindqvist, Jouni Peltoniemi, Johanna Tamminen, Non-Lambertian snow surface reflection models for simulated top-of-the-atmosphere radiances in the NIR and SWIR wavelengths, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Volume 315, 2024, 108892, ISSN 0022-4073, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2023.108892"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2023.108892","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"tags":["Research","Science news"]}}],"totalItemCount":374}